Measurements of craniofacial morphology using photogrammetry in children with sleep-disordered breathing

Wan-Yi Hsueh; Kun-Tai Kang; Chung-Chen Jane Yao; Yunn-Jy Chen; Wen-Chin Weng; Pei-Lin Lee; Chun-Wei Chang; Wei-Chung Hsu

doi:10.1016/j.ijporl.2022.111287

Measurements of craniofacial morphology using photogrammetry in children with sleep-disordered breathing

Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2022 Nov:162:111287. doi: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2022.111287. Epub 2022 Aug 18.

Authors

Wan-Yi Hsueh¹, Kun-Tai Kang², Chung-Chen Jane Yao³, Yunn-Jy Chen³, Wen-Chin Weng⁴, Pei-Lin Lee⁵, Chun-Wei Chang⁶, Wei-Chung Hsu⁷

Affiliations

¹ Department of Otolaryngology, Hsinchu Cathay General Hospital, Hsinchu, Taiwan; Department of Otolaryngology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, Hsinchu, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
² Department of Otolaryngology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Otolaryngology, Taipei Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Institute of Health Policy and Management, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
³ Sleep Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
⁴ Sleep Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
⁵ Sleep Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
⁶ Division of Endodontics, Department of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
⁷ Department of Otolaryngology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Sleep Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Otolaryngology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan. Electronic address: hsuwc@ntu.edu.tw.

PMID: 36029654
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2022.111287

Abstract

Objective: To assess the craniofacial morphology in children with sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) using nonradiation and readily accessible photogrammetry technique.

Methods: Included children aged 3-18 years with SDB-related symptoms from April 2019 to February 2020 in a tertiary center. All participants underwent craniofacial photogrammetry and overnight polysomnography (PSG). Participants were stratified into 2 groups (obstructive sleep apnea [OSA] group: apnea-hypopnea index [AHI] ≥ 1 and non-OSA group: AHI <1). Craniofacial photogrammetry was performed to derive variables of craniofacial features in standardized frontal and profile views. The 2 groups were propensity score matched based on age, sex, and body mass index (BMI) percentiles. Associations between craniofacial feature variables and OSA (AHI ≥1) likelihood were examined using logistic regression test. intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to evaluate the intrarater and interrater reliability.

Results: In total, 58 children were enrolled for the analysis after matching. All 3 variables representing the mandibular plane angle in the profile view were increased in the OSA group (mego-tn: 34.85 ± 5.99 vs 31.65 ± 5.96°, odds ratio [OR]: 1.10, 95% CI:1.02 to 1.18, P = .01; tn-gogn: 28.65 ± 6.38 vs 25.91 ± 5.38°, OR: 1.08, 95% CI:1.02 to 1.15, P = .012; and gome-tsup: 26.71 ± 6.13 vs 22.20 ± 5.89°, OR: 1.13, 95% CI:1.04 to 1.23, P = .003).

Conclusions: Craniofacial photogrammetry revealed increased mandibular inclination in children with OSA. A steep mandibular plane with craniofacial photogrammetry is considered a potential predictor of pediatric OSA. Further investigation with a large sample size is required to clarify the validity of photogrammetry in evaluating pediatric OSA.

Keywords: Child; Facial phenotyping; Obstructive sleep apnea; Photogrammetry; Polysomnography.

MeSH terms

Adolescent
Child
Child, Preschool
Craniofacial Abnormalities* / complications
Craniofacial Abnormalities* / diagnostic imaging
Female
Humans
Male
Photogrammetry / methods
Polysomnography
Reproducibility of Results
Sleep Apnea, Obstructive* / diagnostic imaging
Sleep Apnea, Obstructive* / epidemiology