Chitosan encompassed Aniba rosaeodora essential oil as innovative green candidate for antifungal and antiaflatoxigenic activity in millets with emphasis on cellular and its mode of action

Bijendra Kumar Singh; Anand Kumar Chaudhari; Somenath Das; Shikha Tiwari; Akash Maurya; Vipin Kumar Singh; Nawal Kishore Dubey

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2022.970670

Chitosan encompassed Aniba rosaeodora essential oil as innovative green candidate for antifungal and antiaflatoxigenic activity in millets with emphasis on cellular and its mode of action

Front Microbiol. 2022 Aug 9:13:970670. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.970670. eCollection 2022.

Authors

Bijendra Kumar Singh¹, Anand Kumar Chaudhari², Somenath Das³, Shikha Tiwari¹, Akash Maurya¹, Vipin Kumar Singh¹, Nawal Kishore Dubey¹

Affiliations

¹ Laboratory of Herbal Pesticides, Centre of Advanced Study (CAS) in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India.
² Department of Botany, Government Girl's Post Graduate College, Ghazipur, India.
³ Department of Botany, Burdwan Raj College, Bardhaman, West Bengal, India.

Abstract

The present study demonstrates first time investigation on encapsulation of Aniba rosaeodora essential oil into chitosan nanoemulsion (AREO-CsNe) with the aim of improvement of its antifungal, and aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁) inhibitory performance in real food system. The GC-MS analysis of AREO revealed the presence of linalool (81.46%) as a major component. The successful encapsulation of EO into CsNe was confirmed through SEM, FTIR, and XRD analysis. The in-vitro release study showed the controlled release of AREO. AREO-CsNe caused complete inhibition of Aspergillus flavus (AFLHPSi-1) growth and AFB₁ production at 0.8 and 0.6 μl/ml, respectively, which was far better than AREO (1.4 and 1.2 μl/ml, respectively). Impairment of ergosterol biosynthesis coupled with enhancement of cellular materials leakage confirmed plasma membrane as the possible antifungal target of both AREO and AREO-CsNe. Significant inhibition of methylglyoxal (AFB₁ inducer) synthesis in AFLHPSi-1 cells by AREO and AREO-CsNe confirmed their novel antiaflatoxigenic mode of action. In-silico molecular docking studies revealed effective interaction of linalool with Ver-1 and Omt-A proteins, leading to inhibition of AFB₁ biosynthesis. Further, AREO-CsNe showed enhanced antioxidant activity with IC₅₀ values 3.792 and 1.706 μl/ml against DPPH^• and ABTS^•+ radicals, respectively. In addition, AREO-CsNe caused 100% protection of stored millets (Setaria italica seeds) from AFB₁ contamination and lipid peroxidation over a period of 1 year without compromising its sensory properties and exhibited high safety profile with LD₅₀ value 9538.742 μl/kg body weight. Based on enhanced performance of AREO-CsNe over AREO, it can be recommended as a novel substitute of synthetic preservative for preservation of stored millets.

Keywords: Aniba rosaeodora essential oil; Setaria italica; aflatoxin B1; biodeterioration; nanoencapsulation; safety profile.