Detection of Nipah and Hendra Viruses Using Recombinant Human Ephrin B2 Capture Virus in Immunoassays

Ming Yang; Wenjun Zhu; Thang Truong; Bradley Pickering; Shawn Babiuk; Darwyn Kobasa; Logan Banadyga

doi:10.3390/v14081657

Detection of Nipah and Hendra Viruses Using Recombinant Human Ephrin B2 Capture Virus in Immunoassays

Viruses. 2022 Jul 28;14(8):1657. doi: 10.3390/v14081657.

Authors

Ming Yang¹, Wenjun Zhu¹, Thang Truong², Bradley Pickering^{1

3

4}, Shawn Babiuk¹, Darwyn Kobasa^{2

3}, Logan Banadyga²

Affiliations

¹ National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3M4, Canada.
² National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada.
³ Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada.
⁴ Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.

Abstract

Nipah virus (NiV) and Hendra virus (HeV) are classified as high-consequence zoonotic viruses characterized by high pathogenicity and high mortality in animals and humans. Rapid diagnosis is essential to containing the outbreak. In this study, the henipavirus receptor ephrin B2 was examined to determine whether it could be used as a universal ligand for henipavirus detection in immunoassays. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) were developed using recombinant ephrin B2 as the capture ligand and two monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) as detection reagents. Using mAb F27NiV-34, which cross-reacts with NiV and HeV, we were able to detect NiV and HeV, while mAb F20NiV-65 was used to detect NiV. Therefore, using these two ELISAs, we were able to differentiate between NiV and HeV. Furthermore, we developed a rapid lateral flow strip test for NiV detection using ephrin B2 as the capture ligand combined with mAb F20NiV-65 as the detector. Taken together, our results show that the combination of ephrin B2 and a specific mAb provides an excellent pairing for NiV and HeV detection.

Keywords: ELISA; ephrin B2; glycoprotein; hendra virus; henipavirus; immunoassay; lateral flow strip test; nipah virus; receptor.

Publication types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Animals
Antibodies, Monoclonal
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
Ephrin-B2
Hendra Virus*
Henipavirus Infections* / diagnosis
Humans
Ligands
Nipah Virus*
Orthopoxvirus*

Substances

Antibodies, Monoclonal
Ephrin-B2
Ligands

Grants and funding

This research was funded by the Canadian Safety and Security Program (CSSP-2019-CP-2449). In-kind support was provided by the Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA).