Can the Brazilian Caffeine Expectancy Questionnaires Differentiate the CYP1A2 and ADORA2A Gene Polymorphisms?-An Exploratory Study with Brazilian Athletes

Guilherme Falcão Mendes; Caio Eduardo Gonçalves Reis; Eduardo Yoshio Nakano; Higor Spineli; Gabriel Barreto; Natália Yumi Noronha; Lígia Moriguchi Watanabe; Carla Barbosa Nonino; Gustavo Gomes de Araujo; Bryan Saunders; Renata Puppin Zandonadi

doi:10.3390/nu14163355

Can the Brazilian Caffeine Expectancy Questionnaires Differentiate the CYP1A2 and ADORA2A Gene Polymorphisms?-An Exploratory Study with Brazilian Athletes

Nutrients. 2022 Aug 16;14(16):3355. doi: 10.3390/nu14163355.

Affiliations

¹ Department of Nutrition, School of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia (UnB), Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Asa Norte, Brasilia 70910-900, DF, Brazil.
² Department of Statistics, Central Institute of Sciences, University of Brasilia (UnB), Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Asa Norte, Brasilia 70910-900, DF, Brazil.
³ Research Group Applied to Sport Science-GPCAE, Institute of Physical Education and Sport-IEFE, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió 57072-970, AL, Brazil.
⁴ Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Medicine FMUSP, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05405-000, SP, Brazil.
⁵ Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil.
⁶ Department of Health Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil.
⁷ Rheumatology Division, Faculty of Medicine FMUSP, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05405-000, SP, Brazil.

Abstract

This study investigated the ability of the Brazilian Caffeine Expectancy Questionnaire (CaffEQ-BR), full and brief versions, to differentiate genetic profiles regarding the polymorphisms of the CYP1A2 (rs 762551) and ADORA2A (rs 5751876) genes in a cohort of Brazilian athletes. One-hundred and fifty participants were genotyped for CYP1A2 and ADORA2A. After the recruitment and selection phase, 71 (90% male and 10% female, regular caffeine consumers) completed the CaffEQ-BR questionnaires and a self-report online questionnaire concerning sociodemographic data, general health status, and frequency of caffeine consumption. The order of completion of the CaffEQ-BR questionnaires was counterbalanced. The concordance between the full and brief versions of the CaffEQ-BR was analyzed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). To determine the discriminatory capacity of the questionnaires for genotype, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was applied for sensitivity and specificity (significance level of 5%). Mean caffeine intake was 244 ± 161 mg·day−1. The frequency of AA genotypes for CYP1A2 was 47.9% (n = 34) and 52.1% (n = 37) for C-allele carriers (AC and CC). The frequencies of TT genotypes for ADORA2A were 22.7% (n = 15) and 77.3% (n = 51) for C-allele carriers (TC and CC). All CaffEQ-BR factors, for the full and brief versions, were ICCs > 0.75, except for factor 6 (anxiety/negative effects; ICC = 0.60), and presented ROC curve values from 0.464 to 0.624 and 0.443 to 0.575 for CYP1A2 and ADORA2A. Overall, the CaffEQ-BR (full and brief versions) did not show discriminatory capacity for CYP1A2 and ADORA2A gene polymorphisms. In conclusion, the CaffEQ-BR was not able to differentiate genotypes for the CYP1A2 or ADORA2A genes in this group of Brazilian athletes.

Keywords: ADORA2A; CYP1A2; caffeine; expectancy questionnaire; polymorphism.

MeSH terms

Athletes*
Brazil
Caffeine*
Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2* / genetics
Drinking Behavior* / physiology
Female
Genotype
Humans
Male
Polymorphism, Genetic
Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
Receptor, Adenosine A2A* / genetics
Surveys and Questionnaires

Substances

ADORA2A protein, human
Receptor, Adenosine A2A
Caffeine
CYP1A2 protein, human
Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2

Grants and funding

The authors G.F.M., C.E.G.R., and R.P.Z. acknowledge DPG/DPI/UnB and PPGNH/UnB for the support. G.H.C.B. (2020/12036-3), L.M.W. (2020/08687-9), C.B.N. (2018/24069-3), and B.S. (2016/50438-0 & 2021/06836-0) acknowledge personal research grants from Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo. B.S. also receives a grant from Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (2020.1.362.5.2). H.S. and G.A. are grateful to Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES) and Foundation for Research Alagoas (FAPEAL) for scholarships.