Immune and Oxidative Response against Sonicated Antigen of Mycoplasma capricolum subspecies capripneumonia-A Causative Agent of Contagious Caprine Pleuropneumonia

Rather Izhar Ul Haq; Oveas Rafiq Parray; Qurat Ul Ain Nazir; Riyaz Ahmed Bhat; Showkat Ahmad Shah; Majid Shafi Kawoosa; Ali A Rabaan; Mohammed Aljeldah; Basim R Al Shammari; Mohammed S Almogbel; Nada Alharbi; Reem Alrashoudi; Amal A Sabour; Rana A Alaeq; Maha A Alshiekheid; Saleh A Alshamrani; Aqel Albutti; Ameen S S Alwashmi; Kuldeep Dhama; Mohd Iqbal Yatoo

doi:10.3390/microorganisms10081634

Immune and Oxidative Response against Sonicated Antigen of Mycoplasma capricolum subspecies capripneumonia-A Causative Agent of Contagious Caprine Pleuropneumonia

Microorganisms. 2022 Aug 12;10(8):1634. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms10081634.

Authors

Rather Izhar Ul Haq¹, Oveas Rafiq Parray¹, Qurat Ul Ain Nazir¹, Riyaz Ahmed Bhat¹, Showkat Ahmad Shah¹, Majid Shafi Kawoosa¹, Ali A Rabaan^{2

3

4}, Mohammed Aljeldah⁵, Basim R Al Shammari⁵, Mohammed S Almogbel⁶, Nada Alharbi⁷, Reem Alrashoudi⁸, Amal A Sabour⁹, Rana A Alaeq¹⁰, Maha A Alshiekheid⁹, Saleh A Alshamrani¹¹, Aqel Albutti¹², Ameen S S Alwashmi¹³, Kuldeep Dhama¹⁴, Mohd Iqbal Yatoo¹

Affiliations

¹ Mycoplasma Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Shuhama, Alusteng, Srinagar 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
² Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran 31311, Saudi Arabia.
³ College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia.
⁴ Department of Public Health and Nutrition, The University of Haripur, Haripur 22610, Pakistan.
⁵ Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hafr Al Batin, Hafr Al Batin 39831, Saudi Arabia.
⁶ Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail, Hail 4030, Saudi Arabia.
⁷ Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Unaizah College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia.
⁸ Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia.
⁹ Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
¹⁰ Department of Medical Laboratories Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Science, Taibah University, Al Madinah Al Munawarh 42353, Saudi Arabia.
¹¹ Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran 61441, Saudi Arabia.
¹² Department of Medical Biotechnology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia.
¹³ Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia.
¹⁴ Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izzatnagar, Bareilly 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Abstract

Vaccines are vital for prevention and control of mycoplasma diseases. The exploration of a vaccine candidate for the development of a vaccine is imperative. The present study envisages the evaluation of immune and oxidative response against an adjuvanted, sonicated antigen of Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumonia in male Angora rabbits (1 year old, 2 kg) divided in four groups, each having six animals. Group 1 was the healthy control and received 1 mL PBS via subcutaneous route. Group 2 was administered 1 mL of saponin-adjuvanted and -sonicated antigen, Group 3 was given 1 mL of montanide ISA 50-adjuvanted and-sonicated antigen, and Group 4 was given 1 mL of standard vaccine via subcutaneous route. Animals were evaluated for cellular and humoral immune response and oxidative parameters at 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days of the study. Total leukocytic, neutrophilic, and basophilic counts showed a significant (p < 0.05) increase in vaccinated groups compared to the healthy group on most of the intervals. TNF-α levels were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in the Group 2 than the Group 1 at all the time intervals and more comparable to Group 4 than Group 3. IL-10 levels were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in vaccinated groups compared to the healthy group on days 14, 21, and 28, but were lower in Group 3 than in Group 2 and Group 4. More hypersensitivity as inflammation and histopathological cellular infiltration in the ear was produced in Group 2 and Group 4 than in Group 3. IgG levels were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in Group 2 and Group 4 than in Group 3 on days 14 and 21. Antibody titers were comparatively higher in Group 4, followed by Group 2 and 3, than Group 1. Significantly (p < 0.05) higher oxidant and lower antioxidant values were noted in Group 2 and 4 compared to Group 3 and Group 1 on most of the intervals. The TLC and antibody titer showed increasing trend throughout the trial, whereas TNF-α, IgG, L, M and E started decreasing from day 14, and IL-10, N and B started decreasing from day 21. This study concludes that the saponin-adjuvanted and-sonicated antigen induces comparatively higher immune response than montanide but is associated with oxidative and inflammatory reactions.

Keywords: antigen; contagious caprine pleuropneumonia; immunity; mycoplasma; oxidative stress; rabbit; vaccine.

Abstract

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