Factors associated with re-admission in the year after acute postpartum psychiatric treatment

Abstract

Purpose: To examine factors associated with being re-admitted in the year after discharge from acute postpartum psychiatric treatment.

Methods: Secondary data analysis of information collected from mothers who were admitted to acute psychiatric services in the year after childbirth between 2013 and 2017. We carried out univariable analyses and multivariable hierarchical logistic regression to examine risk factors for women's re-admission to acute psychiatric care (inpatient or community crisis care) in the year following discharge.

Results: Sixty-seven (24.1%) of 278 women were re-admitted in the year after discharge from acute care; the median number of days to re-admission was 86 (IQR 35-214), and women who were re-admitted accessed a median of two further acute services (IQR 1-3). In adjusted analyses, reporting a history of childhood trauma (aOR 1.02; 95% CI 1.00- 1.03, p = 0.036), a higher level of difficulties in the mother-infant bond (aOR 1.03; 95% CI 1.01-1.06, p = 0.009) and younger age (aOR 0.95; 95% CI 0.90-1.00, p = 0.066) were associated with re-admission.

Conclusion: This study confirms that the role of childhood adverse experiences on mental health is relevant for outcomes in women experiencing acute postpartum psychiatric episodes. Ongoing parent-infant bonding difficulties are also independently associated with re-admission. Perinatal mental health services therefore need to offer evidence-based interventions to address histories of trauma and to support parent-infant bonding to optimise mental health in women following discharge from acute psychiatric services. However, further research is needed to explore what other factors, not measured in our study, are also influential to re-admission.

Keywords: Acute psychiatric care; Childhood trauma; Mothers; Parent–infant bonding; Perinatal mental health.