The results of bilateral medial rectus rerecession and bilateral lateral rectus resection for patients with undercorrected or recurrent esotropia after medial rectus recession are compared. Medial rectus rerecession resulted in a high rate of consecutive exotropia. Lateral rectus resection was more accurate but was often accompanied by undercorrection. Minimal millimeter amounts of rerecession yielded large diopter results. Except in cases where medial restrictive factors or obvious errors in magnitude of the original surgery are noted, we feel that bilateral lateral rectus resection is the surgery of choice in patients with recurrent or undercorrected esotropia following medial rectus recession.