Viral Kinetics of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron Infection in mRNA-Vaccinated Individuals Treated and Not Treated with Nirmatrelvir-Ritonavir

Eric Y Dai; Kannon A Lee; Audrey B Nathanson; Ariana T Leonelli; Brittany A Petros; Taylor Brock-Fisher; Sabrina T Dobbins; Bronwyn L MacInnis; Amelia Capone; Nancy Littlehale; Julie Boucau; Caitlin Marino; Amy K Barczak; Pardis C Sabeti; Michael Springer; Kathryn E Stephenson

doi:10.1101/2022.08.04.22278378

Viral Kinetics of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron Infection in mRNA-Vaccinated Individuals Treated and Not Treated with Nirmatrelvir-Ritonavir

medRxiv [Preprint]. 2022 Aug 4:2022.08.04.22278378. doi: 10.1101/2022.08.04.22278378.

Authors

Eric Y Dai¹, Kannon A Lee¹, Audrey B Nathanson¹, Ariana T Leonelli¹, Brittany A Petros^{2

3

4

5}, Taylor Brock-Fisher⁵, Sabrina T Dobbins⁵, Bronwyn L MacInnis^{5

6}, Amelia Capone⁷, Nancy Littlehale⁷, Julie Boucau⁸, Caitlin Marino⁸, Amy K Barczak^{8

9

10}, Pardis C Sabeti^{5

6

11

12}, Michael Springer², Kathryn E Stephenson^{1

8

10}

Affiliations

¹ Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.
² Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
³ Harvard-MIT MD/PhD Program, Boston, MA, USA.
⁴ Harvard-MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA.
⁵ Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
⁶ Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
⁷ Beth Israel Lahey Health Primary Care, Chelsea, MA, USA.
⁸ Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
⁹ Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
¹⁰ Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
¹¹ Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
¹² Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA.

Abstract

We measured viral kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron infection in 36 mRNA-vaccinated individuals, 11 of whom were treated with nirmatrelvir-ritonavir (NMV-r). We found that NMV-r was associated with greater incidence of viral rebound compared to no treatment. For those that did not rebound, NMV-r significantly reduced time to PCR conversion.

Keywords: COVID-19; Paxlovid; SARS-CoV-2; nirmatrelvir; viral rebound.

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