The impact of disease and treatment on patients' lives is frequently measured by endpoints such as health status, well being and quality of life. The objective of this paper is to introduce a new but related outcome concept termed "reintegration to normal living" and to compare it to the quality of life. The concept of "reintegration" is closely allied to functional performance. Like quality of life, it is important to measure when therapeutic goals cannot include a cure but are directed at controlling the disease process or fostering compensation for impairment. A Reintegration to Normal Living (RNL) Index has been developed. Although more limited in conceptual focus, its content is similar to global quality of life measures. It is internally consistent, demonstrates content and construct validity, can be completed by patients or significant others and is sensitive to changes in patient status. The degree of reintegration achieved by patients after an incapacitating illness is seen as contributing to the quality of their lives.