Safety and Effectiveness of Transhepatic Access for Percutaneous Renal Mass Cryoablation: A Multicenter Cohort

Abstract

Purpose: To establish transhepatic percutaneous cryoablation of renal masses as a safe and effective approach.

Materials and methods: A retrospective review of records from 3 separate medical centers was performed identifying 23 patients (median age, 63 years [range 41-84 years]; 12 female [52.2%]) who underwent percutaneous transhepatic cryoablation for right-sided renal masses (median diameter, 2.4 cm [1.5-4.6 cm]) between 2008 and 2021. The median radius, exophytic/endophytic, nearness to collecting system or sinus, anterior/posterior, and location relative to polar lines (RENAL) nephrometry score was 5 (4-10). Adverse events (AEs) were classified according to the Society of Interventional Radiology (SIR) and Clavien-Dindo (CD) classifications. Primary and secondary technical success of each procedure were recorded.

Results: Renal cell carcinoma (of any subtype) was found in 10 (71.5%) of the 14 masses that were biopsied. Tract cautery was used for transhepatic probes in 14 (63.6%) of 22 procedures. Three (13%) of 23 patients had postprocedural AEs. Two cases (8.6%) were hemorrhages related to transhepatic access (SIR moderate-2, CD 2; SIR severe-3, CD 1), and 1 case (4.4%) was related to bowel injury (SIR severe-3, CD 3a). There were no instances of pneumothorax. Tract cautery was used in the procedures that resulted in an AE. Primary technical success was achieved in 84.2% (16/19) of procedures, whereas secondary technical success was achieved in 2 additional patients. The secondary technical success rate was 94.7% (18/19). Four patients did not have imaging follow-up.

Conclusions: The transhepatic approach to cryoablation of renal masses appears to have an acceptable safety profile and technical success rate. Larger studies, preferably comparative to nontranshepatic approach, are recommended.