This study aims to determine the level of nine trace elements - As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn in liver, gill and muscle of Oreochromis niloticus in Bukit Merah Lake (BML). The concentration of trace elements was measured using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometers (ICP-OES). Cd and Ni were found below the detection level, while Cr was only detected in gill and muscle tissues. The Metal Pollution Index (MPI) established were liver > gill > muscle. The ranking order of trace elements in the gills was Fe > Zn > Mn > Pb > As > Cu > Cr. For the liver, the ranking order was Fe > Cu > Zn > As > Mn > Pb, while in the muscle, the ranking order was Fe > Zn > Pb > As > Cu > Mn > Cr. The estimated daily intake (EDI) for all the trace elements in this study was calculated based on 168 g.day-1 of Malaysians' fish consumption, indicating no potential risk. From the human health point of view, there was no significant non-carcinogenic risk of individual trace elements as evaluated by Target Hazard Quotient (THQ). As indicated by the Hazardous Index (HI), the cumulative effect of all trace elements also suggested no potential of non-carcinogenic risk. The carcinogenic risks assessed from Pb and As were also neglectable and there was no likelihood of getting cancer during one's life span.
Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan sembilan unsur surih – As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb dan Zn di dalam hati, insang dan otot Oreochromis niloticus di Tasik Bukit Merah. Kepekatan unsur surih diukur dengan menggunakan instrumen plasma gandingan teraruh – spektrometer emisi optik (ICP-OES). Unsur surih Cd dan Ni di dapati di bawah paras pengesanan, manakala Cr hanya dikesan di dalam insang dan tisu otot. Indeks pencemaran logam (MPI) menunjukkan bahawa hati > insang > otot. Turutan susunan unsur surih di dalam insang adalah Fe > Zn > Mn > Pb > As > Cu > Cr. Bagi hati, turutan susunan adalah Fe > Cu > Zn > As > Mn > Pb, manakala di dalam otot turutan susunan adalah Fe > Zn > Pb > As > Cu > Mn > Cr. Anggaran pengambilan harian (EDI) bagi kesemua unsur surih di dalam kajian ini dikira berdasarkan 168 g.hari−1 pemakanan ikan oleh penduduk Malaysia, menunjukkan tiadanya potensi risiko. Berdasarkan sisi kesihatan manusia, tidak terdapat risiko bukan karsinogenik yang signifikan bagi setiap unsur surih seperti yang dinilai oleh darjah bahaya sasaran (THQ). Kesan kumulatif bagi kesemua unsur surih seperti yang ditunjukkan oleh indeks bahaya (HI) juga mencadangkan tiadanya potensi risiko bukan karsinogenik. Risiko karsinogenik dinilai berasaskan risiko karsinogenik (CR) yang disebabkan oleh Pb dan As adalah boleh diabaikan dan tiada kemungkinan untuk mendapat barah dalam jangka hayat seseorang.
Keywords: Carcinogenic Risk; Fish; Human Health Risks; Non-Carcinogenic Risk; Trace Elements.
© Penerbit Universiti Sains Malaysia, 2022.