Critical overview of biorefinery approaches for valorization of protein rich tree nut oil industry by-product

T P Sari; Ranjna Sirohi; Meena Krishania; Suvarna Bhoj; Mrinal Samtiya; Muskaan Duggal; Deepak Kumar; Prarabdh C Badgujar

doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127775

Critical overview of biorefinery approaches for valorization of protein rich tree nut oil industry by-product

Bioresour Technol. 2022 Oct:362:127775. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127775. Epub 2022 Aug 12.

Authors

T P Sari¹, Ranjna Sirohi², Meena Krishania³, Suvarna Bhoj⁴, Mrinal Samtiya¹, Muskaan Duggal³, Deepak Kumar⁵, Prarabdh C Badgujar⁶

Affiliations

¹ Department of Food Science and Technology, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Kundli, Sonipat 131 028, Haryana, India.
² Department of Food Technology, School of Health Sciences and Technology, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun 248 007, Uttarakhand, India.
³ Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing (CIAB), Sector-81, Mohali 140 306, India.
⁴ Livestock Production and Management Section, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India.
⁵ Department of Food Science and Technology, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Kundli, Sonipat 131 028, Haryana, India; Division of Food Science and Technology, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Manav Rachna International Institute of Research and Studies, Faridabad 121 004, Haryana, India.
⁶ Department of Food Science and Technology, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Kundli, Sonipat 131 028, Haryana, India. Electronic address: prarabdh.badgujar@niftem.ac.in.

PMID: 35964919
DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127775

Abstract

This review explores reutilization opportunities of protein-rich bio-waste derived from the major tree nuts (almonds, walnuts, and cashew nuts) oil processing industries through biorefinery strategies. The mechanically pressed out oil cakes of these nuts have high protein (45-55%), carbohydrate (30-35%), and fiber that could be utilized to produce bioactive peptides, biofuels, and dietary fiber, respectively; all of which can fetch substantially greater value than its current utilization as a cattle feed. Specific attention has been given to the production, characterization, and application of nut-based de-oiled cake hydrolysates for therapeutic benefits including antioxidant, antihypertensive and neuroprotective properties. The often-neglected safety/toxicological evaluation of the hydrolysates/peptide sequences has also been described. Based on the available data, it is concluded that enzymatic hydrolysis is a preferred method than microbial fermentation for the value addition of de-oiled tree nut cakes. Further, critical insights on the existing literature as well as potential research ideas have also been proposed.

Keywords: Almond de-oiled cake; Bioactive peptides; Biofuels; Biological activity; Cashew nut de-oiled cake; Walnut de-oiled residue.

Publication types

Review

MeSH terms

Anacardium*
Animals
Biofuels / analysis
Carbohydrates / chemistry
Cattle
Juglans*
Nuts / chemistry

Substances

Biofuels
Carbohydrates