Assessment of Cardiovascular Disease Risk: A 2022 Update

Earl Goldsborough 3rd; Ngozi Osuji; Michael J Blaha

doi:10.1016/j.ecl.2022.02.005

Assessment of Cardiovascular Disease Risk: A 2022 Update

Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2022 Sep;51(3):483-509. doi: 10.1016/j.ecl.2022.02.005. Epub 2022 Jul 4.

Authors

Earl Goldsborough 3rd¹, Ngozi Osuji², Michael J Blaha³

Affiliations

¹ Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
² Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
³ Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. Electronic address: mblaha1@jhmi.edu.

PMID: 35963625
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecl.2022.02.005

Abstract

Assessment of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk is the cornerstone of primary ASCVD prevention, enabling targeted use of the most aggressive therapies in those most likely to benefit, while guiding a conservative approach in those who are low risk. ASCVD risk assessment begins with the use of a traditional 10-year risk calculator, with further refinement through the consideration of risk-enhancing factors (particularly lipoprotein(a)) and subclinical atherosclerosis testing (particularly coronary artery calcium (CAC) testing). In this review, we summarize the current field of ASCVD risk assessment in primary prevention and highlight new guidelines from the Endocrine Society.

Keywords: Atherosclerosis; Cardiovascular disease; Cardiovascular risk; Coronary artery calcium; Family history; Lipoprotein(a); Primary prevention; Risk assessment.

Publication types

Review
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Atherosclerosis*
Cardiovascular Diseases* / diagnosis
Cardiovascular Diseases* / epidemiology
Cardiovascular Diseases* / etiology
Coronary Artery Disease* / prevention & control
Humans
Risk Assessment