Reliability and Validity of a Chinese Version of the Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory-Short Form in Assessing Agitated Behavior

Feng-Ching Sun; Li-Chan Lin; Shu-Chen Chang; Hui-Chi Li; Chia-Hsin Cheng; Ling-Ya Huang

doi:10.3390/ijerph19159410

Reliability and Validity of a Chinese Version of the Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory-Short Form in Assessing Agitated Behavior

Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Aug 1;19(15):9410. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19159410.

Authors

Feng-Ching Sun^{1

2}, Li-Chan Lin³, Shu-Chen Chang^{4

5}, Hui-Chi Li³, Chia-Hsin Cheng⁶, Ling-Ya Huang¹

Affiliations

¹ Department of Nursing, Kaohsiung Municipal United Hospital, Kaohsiung 80457, Taiwan.
² College of Nursing, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung 83102, Taiwan.
³ College of Nursing, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan.
⁴ Department of Nursing, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 50006, Taiwan.
⁵ College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Da-Yeh University, Changhua 515006, Taiwan.
⁶ Department of Nursing, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan.

Abstract

Background: Patients with dementia often present agitated behaviors. The Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory-short form (CMAI-SF) is one of the most widely used instruments to evaluate agitated behaviors that affect patients' quality of life and impose burden on caregivers. However, there is no simplified Chinese version of the CMAI-SF (C-CMAI-SF) in clinical settings.

Purpose: This study aimed to develop a Chinese version of the C-CMAI-SF and examine its validity and reliability.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included three phases. In Phase I, the original CMAI-SF was translated to Chinese. In Phase II, experts were invited to examine the content validity index (CVI). Phase III was conducted to test the validity and reliability of the C-CMAI-SF.

Results: The scale showed good validity and reliability with a scale-level CVI of 0.89, Cronbach's alpha (measure of internal consistency) of 0.874, and test-retest correlation coefficient of 0.902 (for 257 individuals). Using factor analysis, three factors were identified. Regarding concurrent validity, the C-CMAI-SF score was correlated with the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (agitation aggression subscale) and the Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia (agitation subscale).

Conclusions: The study demonstrated that the C-CMAI-SF is a valid and reliable instrument for evaluating agitated behaviors in people with dementia.

Relevance to clinical practice: The C-CMAI-SF is an easy and quick tool used to identify and evaluate agitated behaviors in busy clinical settings.

Keywords: Cohen–Mansfield Agitation Inventory; agitated behaviors; dementia; reliability; validity.

Publication types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

China
Cross-Sectional Studies
Dementia* / diagnosis
Dementia* / psychology
Humans
Neuropsychological Tests
Psychomotor Agitation* / diagnosis
Quality of Life
Reproducibility of Results

Grants and funding

This study was funded by the Kaohsiung Municipal United Hospital (KMUH10908). Role of the Funding Source: the funding source supported the study financially and had no involvement in the study design, data collection, analysis and interpretation of data, writing of the report, or decision to submit the paper for publication.