Laparoscopic nephrectomy in patients with renal exclusion secondary to urolithiasis. Which factors can predispose conversion to open surgery?

Cir Cir. 2022;90(4):454-458. doi: 10.24875/CIRU.20001397.

Abstract

Background: The prevalence of urolithiasis is 7-10% and has increased over the past years. Simple nephrectomy is, therefore, indicated when renal exclusion is associated with recurrent urinary tract infections and/or chronic pain.

Objective: The aim of the study was to describe the surgical experience of laparoscopic nephrectomy (LPN) due to urolithiasis in Mexican South-east and which factors can predispose conversion to open surgery.

Methods: This was a retrospective study including patients with renal exclusion secondary to urolithiasis, who underwent laparoscopic simple nephrectomy between 2016 and 2019.

Results: Forty simple LPN for renal exclusion due to urolithiasis was performed between 2016 and 2019. Mean age was 47 ± 10.8 and 82.5% were female. The mean BMI was 30.2 ± 5 kg/m2, mean operative time was 165.2 ± 64. Conversion rate was 12.5% (n = 5). Conversion was significantly associated with abnormal hilum vascular anatomy (p = 0.001), hilum adherences (p = 0.001), and hydronephrosis (p = 0.001).

Conclusion: LPN is a safe surgical technique for renal exclusion due to urolithiasis. Hydronephrosis, abnormal vascular anatomy, and the adherences that involved de hilum are the factors that could predictive conversion to open surgery.

Introducción: La prevalencia the urolitiasis es del 7-10% sin embargo a presentado un incremento del numero de casos en los ultimos años. La nefrectomia simple laparoscopica esta indicada en pacientes con exclusión renal asociado a cuadros repetitivos de infecciones en el tracto urinario y o dolor cronico a nivel fosa renal.

Objetivo: Describir la experiencia de nefrectomia simple laparoscopica en pacientes con exclusion renal secundario litiasis en un hospital del sur de México, y que factores pueden predisponer la conversión a cirugia abierta.

Materials y metodos: Estudio restrospectivo que incluyo pacientes con exclusion renal secundario a urolitiasis durante el periodo comprendido entre 2016 y 2019.

Resultados: Se realizaron 40 nefrectomias simples laparoscopica durante el periodo comprendido 2016 y 2019 en paciente con exclusion renal asociada a litiasis. La media edad 47 ± 10.8 años, el 82.5% de los pacientes fueron del sexo femenino. La media de Indice de masa corporal fue de 30.2 ± 5 kg/m2, La tasa de conversion fue del 12.5% (n = 5), los factores que se asociaron a conversion a cirugia abierta fueron anormalidades dependientes del hilio vascular renal (p = 0.001)., adherencias dependientes del hilio renal (p = 0.001). e hidronefrosis (p = 0.001).

Conclusión: La nefrectomia simple laparocopica es un procedimiento seguro en pacienres con exclusion renal secundaria a urolitiasis. Hidronefrosis, anormalidades dependientes del hilio vascular renal y adherencias que involucren el hilio renal son factores que pueden predisponer conversion a cirugia abierta.

Keywords: Laparoscopic nephrectomy; Nefrectomía; Nefrectomía laparoscópica; Nephrectomy; Urolithiasis; Urolitiasis.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Conversion to Open Surgery
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Hydronephrosis* / etiology
  • Hydronephrosis* / surgery
  • Kidney Neoplasms* / surgery
  • Laparoscopy* / methods
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Nephrectomy / methods
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Treatment Outcome
  • Urolithiasis* / etiology
  • Urolithiasis* / surgery