Andexanet-Alfa-Associated Heparin Resistance in the Context of Hemorrhagic Stroke

Neurocrit Care. 2022 Oct;37(2):372-376. doi: 10.1007/s12028-022-01573-5. Epub 2022 Aug 5.

Abstract

Background: With a growing number of patients on new oral anticoagulants, interest in reversal agents is rising. Andexanet alfa is used for reversal of factor Xa inhibitors in intracranial hemorrhage.

Methods: We provide a brief review on andexanet-alfa-associated heparin resistance and discuss potentially critical situations from different clinical perspectives.

Results: Case reports point out that andexanet alfa can cause unresponsiveness to heparin, leading to catastrophic events. As a result, regulatory bodies have issued warning notices to avoid heparinization parallel to the use of andexanet alfa.

Conclusions: Although well known to hematologists, the phenomenon is underrecognized among stroke clinicians. However, patients with intracranial hemorrhage frequently undergo endovascular or surgical interventions that require periprocedural administration of heparin.

Keywords: Anticoagulants; Factor Xa inhibitors; Hemorrhagic stroke; Heparin; PRT064445.

MeSH terms

  • Anticoagulants / adverse effects
  • Factor Xa
  • Factor Xa Inhibitors / adverse effects
  • Hemorrhage
  • Hemorrhagic Stroke*
  • Heparin* / adverse effects
  • Humans
  • Intracranial Hemorrhages / chemically induced
  • Intracranial Hemorrhages / drug therapy
  • Recombinant Proteins

Substances

  • Anticoagulants
  • Factor Xa Inhibitors
  • PRT064445
  • Recombinant Proteins
  • Heparin
  • Factor Xa