Construction of hyperbranched polysiloxane-based multifunctional fluorescent prodrug for preferential cellular uptake and dual-responsive drug release

Abstract

Hyperbranched polymers hold great promise in nanomedicine for their controlled chemical structures, sizes, multiple terminal groups and enhanced stability than linear amphiphilic polymer assemblies. However, the rational design of hyperbranched polymer-based nanomedicine with low toxic materials, selective cellular uptake, controlled drug release, as well as real-time drug release tracking remains challenging. In this work, a hyperbranched multifunctional prodrug HBPSi-SS-HCPT is constructed basing on the nonconventional aggregation-induced emission (AIE) featured hyperbranched polysiloxanes (HBPSi). The HBPSi is a biocompatible AIE macromolecule devoid of conjugates, showing a high quantum yield of 17.88% and low cytotoxicity. By covalently grafting the anticancer drug, 10-hydroxycamptothecin (HCPT), to the HBPSi through 3,3'-dithiodipropionic acid, HBPSi-SS-HCPT is obtained. The HBPSis demonstrate obvious AIE features and it turned to aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) after grafting HCPT owing to the FRET behavior between HBPSi and HCPT in HBPSi-SS-HCPT. In addition to on-demand HCPT release in response to changes in environmental pH and glutathione, a series of in vitro and in vivo studies revealed that HBPSi-SS-HCPT exhibits enhanced accumulation in tumor tissues through the enhanced permeation and retention (EPR) effect and preferential cancer cell uptake by charge reversal, thus resulting in apoptotic cell death subsequently. This newly developed multifunctional HBPSi-SS-HCPT prodrug provides a biocompatible strategy for controlled drug delivery, preferential cancer cell uptake, on-demand drug release and enhanced antitumor efficacy.

Keywords: Aggregation-induced emission; Cellular uptake; Förster resonance energy transfer; Hyperbranched polysiloxane; Tumor microenvironment responsiveness.