Substituted pyridines from isoxazoles: scope and mechanism

Org Biomol Chem. 2022 Aug 24;20(33):6630-6636. doi: 10.1039/d2ob00779g.

Abstract

Treatment of isoxazoles with enamines leads to an inverse electron-demand hetero-Diels-Alder reaction that produces substituted pyridines in the presence of TiCl4(THF)2 and titanium powder. The reaction is highly regioselective with only a single isomer of the product observed by GC/MS and tolerant of many common functional groups. The transformation was examined computationally, and it was found that TiCl4 (or a similar Lewis acid) likely acts to catalyze the reaction. After the initial [4 + 2]-cycloaddition, the oxaza-[2.2.1]-bicycle produced likely ring opens before amine loss to give an N-oxide. The pyridine is then obtained after reduction with TiCl4 and titanium powder.

Publication types

  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

MeSH terms

  • Cycloaddition Reaction
  • Isoxazoles*
  • Powders
  • Pyridines
  • Stereoisomerism
  • Titanium*

Substances

  • Isoxazoles
  • Powders
  • Pyridines
  • Titanium