Evolving epidemiology of HIV/AIDS in Campania region, 2011-2018: Is HIV/AIDS population in Campania different?

Francesco Maria Fusco; Nadia Sangiovanni; Silvia Mascolo; Maria Aurora Carleo; Massimo Sardo; Rosaria Viglietti; Giovanni Parrella; Orsola Tambaro; Valentina Iodice; Giusy Di Flumeri; Anna Menna; Assunta Galano; Anna Laudiero; Antonietta Mariniello; Milena De Cenzo; Elio Manzillo; Vincenzo Esposito; Antonio Chirianni; Vincenzo Sangiovanni

doi:10.1177/20503121221113938

Evolving epidemiology of HIV/AIDS in Campania region, 2011-2018: Is HIV/AIDS population in Campania different?

SAGE Open Med. 2022 Jul 27:10:20503121221113938. doi: 10.1177/20503121221113938. eCollection 2022.

Authors

Francesco Maria Fusco¹, Nadia Sangiovanni², Silvia Mascolo², Maria Aurora Carleo², Massimo Sardo³, Rosaria Viglietti¹, Giovanni Parrella¹, Orsola Tambaro¹, Valentina Iodice³, Giusy Di Flumeri¹, Anna Menna¹, Assunta Galano¹, Anna Laudiero¹, Antonietta Mariniello¹, Milena De Cenzo¹, Elio Manzillo³, Vincenzo Esposito², Antonio Chirianni¹, Vincenzo Sangiovanni¹

Affiliations

¹ UOC Infezioni sistemiche e dell'Immunodepresso, 'D. Cotugno' Hospital, AORN Ospedali dei Colli, Naples, Italy.
² UOC Immunodeficienze e Malattie Infettive di Genere, 'D. Cotugno' Hospital, AORN Ospedali dei Colli, Naples, Italy.
³ UOC Immunodeficienze e Malattie dell'Immigrazione, 'D. Cotugno' Hospital, AORN Ospedali dei Colli, Naples, Italy.

Abstract

Objectives: Data on HIV/AIDS cases in Italy are collected using a standardised form. Regional epidemiology may vary. We described the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of newly diagnosed persons with HIV in the 'Cotugno' hospital in Naples during 2011-2018 and compared them with national data to identify similarities and differences.

Methods: Data source for the Campania region is the data collection forms sent to the national surveillance system. The data source for the national data is from the periodic annual bulletins on HIV/AIDS published by the National Institute of Health.

Results: In all, 1149 persons with HIV were diagnosed in 'Cotugno' (69.7% of those diagnosed in Campania). Persons with HIV in Campania showed many similarities with the Italian population: men were in the majority in both groups (about 75%), foreign origin was about 30%, heterosexuals were the most represented risk group, followed by men who have sex with men and injecting drug use in both samples. Some notable differences are also present. Among the risk factors for HIV acquisition, injecting drug use is significantly more common in Campania. Among the reasons for testing, significant differences are evident for almost all reasons, with screening activities (testing for concurrent diseases, for diagnosis of sexually transmitted diseases, screening in hospital during maternity care and screening in drug-addition services or prisons) being more common at the national level. The Campania population has a more severe disease pattern, with a significantly higher proportion of patients diagnosed with less than 200 CD4 cells/µL and AIDS. For each variable, we compared trends in the Campania region and in Italy using Spearman's correlation coefficient. Almost all trends show a weak correlation.

Conclusion: In conclusion, the prevalence of injecting drug use is still consistent, and requires specific campaigns. The reasons for testing are different: screening activities work less in Campania than in Italy. This untimely approach contributes to a more severe clinical picture in Campania.

Keywords: HIV testing; HIV/AIDS epidemiology; injective drug users; time trends.