Irisin/FNDC5 influences myogenic markers on skeletal muscle following high and moderate-intensity exercise training in STZ-diabetic rats

Ehsan Arabzadeh; Hossein Shirvani; Masoumeh Ebadi Zahmatkesh; Shahin Riyahi Malayeri; Gholam Hossein Meftahi; Fatemeh Rostamkhani

doi:10.1007/s13205-022-03253-9

Irisin/FNDC5 influences myogenic markers on skeletal muscle following high and moderate-intensity exercise training in STZ-diabetic rats

3 Biotech. 2022 Sep;12(9):193. doi: 10.1007/s13205-022-03253-9. Epub 2022 Jul 26.

Authors

Ehsan Arabzadeh¹, Hossein Shirvani¹, Masoumeh Ebadi Zahmatkesh², Shahin Riyahi Malayeri³, Gholam Hossein Meftahi⁴, Fatemeh Rostamkhani⁵

Affiliations

¹ Exercise Physiology Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
² Department of Biology, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran.
³ Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, East Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
⁴ Neuroscience Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
⁵ Department of Biology, College of Basic Sciences, Yadegar-e-Imam Khomeini (RAH) Shahre Rey Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.

Abstract

In the present study, we investigated the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) versus moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on irisin and expression of myogenic markers (paired box 7 (Pax7), myogenic differentiation 1 (MyoD), myogenin) in skeletal muscle of diabetic rats. Eighty-four male Wistar rats (6 weeks of age) were randomly divided into seven groups (n = 12): basic control (Co Basic), 8 weeks control (Co 8w), diabetes mellitus (DM), HIIT, DM + HIIT, MICT, and DM + MICT groups. Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ). The $\dot{V} o_{2 max}$ protocol was characterized by running on a rodent treadmill with moderate intensity (60-70% $\dot{V} o_{2 max}$ ), 60 min per session, 5 days/week, for 6 weeks. HIIT consisted of six 3-min runs at a high intensity (80-90% $\dot{V} o_{2 max}$ ) alternated with 2-min running at low intensity (50% $\dot{V} o_{2 max}$ ), 30 min per session, 5 days/week, for 6 weeks. Results showed that DM decreased myoblast markers compared to Co Basic and Co 8w groups. Fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5) mRNA decrease was correlated with myoblast markers (Pax7 r = 0.632, p = 0.027; MyoD r = 0.999, p = 0.001; myogenin r = 1.000, p = 0.001) in DM group. DM + MICT significantly increased gene expression of MyoD, myogenin, and FNDC5 compared to DM and DM + HIIT. The results also showed that the intensity and duration of exercise on the treadmill were effective in stimulating irisin and myogenic markers after DM.

Keywords: Diabetes; Exercise training; Irisin; Muscle cell; Pax7; Satellite cells.