What Is the Force-per-Molecule Inside a Biomaterial Having Randomly Oriented Units?

J Phys Chem Lett. 2022 Aug 11;13(31):7139-7146. doi: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c01720. Epub 2022 Jul 28.

Abstract

Both synthetic and natural protein-based materials are made of randomly oriented cross-linked molecules. Here we introduce a coarse-grained approach to estimate the average force-per-molecule for materials made from globular proteins. Our approach has three steps: placement of molecules inside a unit volume, cross-linking, and trimming to remove the protein domains that do not participate to the force response. Following this procedure, we estimate the number of active domains per cross-section area, that allows for a direct calculation of the force-per-domain. Among the variables considered, we found that concentration was the most sensitive parameter. We then synthesized protein hydrogels made from BSA and polyprotein L and measured the stresses that these materials can withstand. We found that forces-per-molecules of up to 17 pN per domain can be obtained experimentally using protein hydrogels. Our approach represents an important step toward understanding the scaling of tension in biomaterials.

MeSH terms

  • Biocompatible Materials*
  • Hydrogels
  • Mechanical Phenomena*
  • Proteins

Substances

  • Biocompatible Materials
  • Hydrogels
  • Proteins