Sleep Factors in Relation to Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease in Middle-Aged and Elderly Chinese

Abstract

Context: Accumulating evidence implies that sleep disturbance is involved in metabolic disorders.

Objective: We comprehensively evaluated the association between various dimensions of sleep behaviors and the risk for metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD).

Methods: In this cross-sectional study of 5011 participants with self-reported sleep behaviors and radiologically diagnosed MAFLD, a comprehensive healthy sleep score was generated to evaluate the associations between sleep behaviors and MAFLD risk using multivariate logistic regression adjusting for demographics, lifestyles, medication, and metabolic comorbidities. Furthermore, mediation analysis was utilized to assess the extent to which obesity explains the effect of sleep quality on MAFLD risk.

Results: Late bedtime, snoring, and daytime napping for over 30 minutes significantly associated with an increased risk of MAFLD, with odds ratios (OR) of 1.37 (95% CI 1.10, 1.70), 1.59 (95% CI 1.33, 1.91), and 1.17 (95% CI 1.02, 1.35), respectively, after full adjustments including obesity. Participants with disturbance in nighttime sleep and prolonged daytime napping showed the highest risk for MAFLD (OR 2.38, 95% CI 1.73, 3.27). Each additional increase of healthy sleep score was associated with a 16% reduction in MAFLD risk. Further stratified analysis revealed that people with a sedentary lifestyle and central obesity experienced more prominent adverse effects from poor sleep quality than others. Moreover, obesity accounted for only 20.77% of the total effect of sleep quality on MAFLD risk.

Conclusions: Sleep behaviors, both cumulatively and individually, are associated with MAFLD risk. Public health awareness and strategies should be encouraged to curb MAFLD.

Keywords: daytime napping; metabolic dysfunction–associated fatty liver disease; sleep behaviors.