Epidemiological Factors of Periodontal Disease Among South Indian Adults

Siddharthan Selvaraj; Nyi Nyi Naing; Nadiah Wan-Arfah; Sinouvassane Djearamane; Ling Shing Wong; Vetriselvan Subramaniyan; Neeraj Kumar Fuloria; Mahendran Sekar; Shivkanya Fuloria; Mauro Henrique Nogueira Guimarães de Abreu

doi:10.2147/JMDH.S374480

Epidemiological Factors of Periodontal Disease Among South Indian Adults

J Multidiscip Healthc. 2022 Jul 20:15:1547-1557. doi: 10.2147/JMDH.S374480. eCollection 2022.

Affiliations

¹ Faculty of Medicine, Medical Campus, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, 20400, Malaysia.
² Faculty of Dentistry, AIMST University, Bedong, Kedah, 08100, Malaysia.
³ Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, 20400, Malaysia.
⁴ Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kampar, Perak, 31900, Malaysia.
⁵ Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, INTI International University, Nilai, 71800, Malaysia.
⁶ Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, MAHSA University, Jen jarom, Selangor, 42610, Malaysia.
⁷ Faculty of Pharmacy, AIMST University, Bedong, Kedah, 08100, Malaysia.
⁸ Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Royal College of Medicine Perak, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Ipoh, Perak, 30450, Malaysia.
⁹ School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, CEP 31270- 901, Brazil.

Abstract

Introduction: Oral conditions exist worldwide, and are related with astounding morbidity. Indian adults' incidence of mild and moderate periodontal conditions was nearly 25%, while about 19% of adults experience severe periodontitis.

Objective: The aim of this study was to analyse epidemiological factors of periodontal disease among a south Indian population based on the role of sociodemographic factors, habitual factors and set of oral health knowledge, attitude, and behaviour measures.

Methods: A sample of 288 participants above 18 years of age residing in Tamil Nadu, India took part in this cross-sectional study. Based on WHO criteria, periodontal disease was measured in our study. Age, ethnicity, smoking, education, and oral health behavior were found to be the covariates. Ordinal logistic regression analysis using R version 3.6.1 was utilized to study the various factors that influence periodontal disease among south Indian adults.

Results: Various demographic factors such as age between 25 and 34 years (AOR = 2.25; 95% CI 1.14-4.55), 35-44 years (AOR = 1.80; 95% CI 0.89-3.64), ≥ 45 years old (AOR = 2.89; 95% CI 1.41-6.01), ethnicity (AOR = 2.71; 95% CI 1.25-5.81), smoking (AOR = 0.38; 95% CI 0.16-0.65), primary level education (AOR = 0.07; 95% CI 0.01-0.50) high school level education (AOR = 0.06; 95% CI 0.01-0.27), university level education (AOR = 0.08; 95% CI 0.01-0.36) and an individual's oral health behavior (AOR = 0.59; 95% CI 0.32-1.08) were found to be related with periodontal disease among the south Indian population. The maximum log likelihood residual deviance value was 645.94 in the final model.

Conclusion: Based on our epidemiological findings, sociodemographic, habitual factors and oral health behavior play a vital role in an individual's periodontal status among south Indian adults. An epidemiological model derived from the factors from our study will help to bring better understanding of the disease and to implement various preventive strategies to eliminate the causative factors.

Keywords: epidemiology; habits; modelling; periodontal disease; socio-demography.

Grants and funding

No funding was received to carry out this research.