Exploration of Diazaspiro Cores as Piperazine Bioisosteres in the Development of σ2 Receptor Ligands

Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Jul 27;23(15):8259. doi: 10.3390/ijms23158259.

Abstract

A series of σ2R compounds containing benzimidazolone and diazacycloalkane cores was synthesized and evaluated in radioligand binding assays. Replacing the piperazine moiety in a lead compound with diazaspiroalkanes and the fused octahydropyrrolo[3,4-b] pyrrole ring system resulted in a loss in affinity for the σ2R. On the other hand, the bridged 2,5-diazabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane, 1,4-diazepine, and a 3-aminoazetidine analog possessed nanomolar affinities for the σ2R. Computational chemistry studies were also conducted with the recently published crystal structure of the σ2R/TMEM97 and revealed that hydrogen bond interactions with ASP29 and π-stacking interactions with TYR150 were largely responsible for the high binding affinity of small molecules to this protein.

Keywords: TMEM97; bioisosteres; diazaspiro cores; sigma-2 receptors.

MeSH terms

  • Ligands
  • Piperazine
  • Radioligand Assay
  • Receptors, sigma* / metabolism
  • Structure-Activity Relationship

Substances

  • Ligands
  • Receptors, sigma
  • Piperazine