Spanish adaptation and validation of the Cultural Competence Assessment Tool (CCATool) for undergraduate nursing students

Abstract

Aim: To analyse and validate a contextually adapted version of the Papadopoulos' Cultural Competence Assessment Tool (CCATool) for Spanish undergraduate nursing students.

Background: Globalization has driven and intensified international migration. Thus, nurses must treat patients of many different cultural origins. Accordingly, both cultural competence and an appropriate tool with which to evaluate it are required.

Methods: The CCATool questionnaire was adapted for use in a Spanish context and was evaluated through a questionnaire completed by 262 undergraduate nursing students. Seven days later, the same students completed the questionnaire, without any intervention, and a subgroup of 144 students completed the questionnaire for a third time after taking a course in Transcultural Care. The reliability, sensitivity and stability of the questionnaire were assessed.

Results: The reliability of the questionnaire obtained an adequate Cronbach's alpha of 0.81. Stability was assessed at seven days, using the intraclass correlation coefficient, which showed good/excellent results. Moreover, the questionnaire was able to detect the changes related to the nursing educative programme, thus highlighting a good sensitivity of the tool.

Conclusion: Cultural competence is an essential element of nurses' education, and instruction in this area should begin as soon as possible. In addition, an appropriate evaluation system is required. For this purpose, the present study describes and analyses a valid, reliable tool for use with undergraduate nursing students in Spain.

Implications for nursing and health policy: Health and education policies must be sensitive to the ethnic and cultural differences of the patients who are cared for, and address the situations that cause difficulties in care. Hospitals and health centres must offer good care to patients from diverse cultures, so one of the necessary situations is the training and evaluation of the cultural competence of health professionals.

Keywords: Cultural competency; Spain; culturally competent care; health care; nursing education; nursing education research; transcultural nursing; validation studies.