Neuromodulation technology is one of the medical fields currently experiencing the most rapid development, witnessing a surge in the types of modulation techniques and a constant expansion of indications. Consequently, hundreds of thousands of patients with functional neurological disorders have benefited from the advancements in the field all over the world. Nevertheless, some challenges remain, for exmaple, the lack of a thorough understanding of the mechanism of neuromodulation, the long-standing controversy over the optimal targets of neuromodulation, the lack of reliable efficacy predictors, and the cumbersome and inefficient mode of postoperative programming. We anticipate that these issues will be resolved with the continued advancement in medical technology and the gradual revelation of the neural network mechanism of brain disorders. More individualized, precise, and intelligent neuromodulation technology will be the main direction of development in the future. Herein, we reviewed and commented on the evolution of neuromodulation technology, the current status of its applications, and its prospective development.
神经调控技术是当前发展最快的医学领域之一，调控技术种类激增，适应症不断拓展，全球已有数十万脑功能性疾病患者从中获益，但也存在诸多不足，如神经调控机制尚不完全清楚，神经调控的最佳靶点长期存有争议，缺乏可靠的疗效预测指标及术后程控模式繁琐、效率低等。相信随着医工技术的不断发展进步及脑功能性疾病神经网络机制的逐渐揭示，未来神经调控技术将不断向个体化、精准化、智能化的方向飞速发展。本文将回顾神经调控技术的发展历史，并就其应用现状及未来发展进行总结和述评。
Keywords: Brain disorder; Deep brain stimulation; Neuromodulation; Spinal cord stimulation; Vagus nerve stimulation.
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