Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Analysis Investigates Causal Associations Between Gut Microbial Genera and Inflammatory Bowel Disease, and Specificity Causal Associations in Ulcerative Colitis or Crohn's Disease

Bin Liu; Ding Ye; Hong Yang; Jie Song; Xiaohui Sun; Yingying Mao; Zhixing He

doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.921546

Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Analysis Investigates Causal Associations Between Gut Microbial Genera and Inflammatory Bowel Disease, and Specificity Causal Associations in Ulcerative Colitis or Crohn's Disease

Front Immunol. 2022 Jul 4:13:921546. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.921546. eCollection 2022.

Authors

Bin Liu¹, Ding Ye¹, Hong Yang¹, Jie Song¹, Xiaohui Sun¹, Yingying Mao¹, Zhixing He²

Affiliations

¹ Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
² Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, School of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.

Abstract

Background: Intestinal dysbiosis is associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), two subtypes of IBD, are characterized by unique microbial signatures, respectively. However, it is unclear whether UC or CD has a specific causal relationship with gut microbiota.

Objective: To investigate the potential causal associations between gut microbial genera and IBD, UC, or CD, two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses were conducted.

Materials and methods: We obtained genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics of gut microbiota and IBD, UC, or CD from published GWASs. Two-sample MR analyses were performed to identify potential causal gut microbial genera for IBD, UC, and CD using the inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method. Sensitivity analyses were also conducted to validate the robustness of the primary results of the MR analyses. Finally, a reverse MR analysis was performed to evaluate the possibility of reverse causation.

Results: Combining the results from the primary and sensitivity analyses, six bacterial genera were associated with the risk of IBD, UC, or CD in the IVW method. Briefly, Eubacterium ventriosum group was associated with a lower risk of IBD (P=0.011) and UC (P=1.00×10^-4), whereas Coprococcus 2 was associated with a higher risk of IBD (P=0.022) and UC (P=0.007). In addition, we found a positive association between Oxalobacter with IBD (P=0.001) and CD (P=0.002), and Ruminococcaceae UCG014 with IBD (P=0.005) and CD (P=0.007). We also noticed a negative association between Enterorhabdus (P=0.044) and IBD, and between Lachnospiraceae UCG001 (P=0.023) and CD. We did not find causal effects of IBD, UC, or CD on these bacterial genera in the reverse MR analysis.

Conclusion: This study expanded gut microbial genera that were causally associated with the risk of IBD, and also revealed specificity-gut microbial genera for UC or CD.

Keywords: Crohn’s disease; Mendelian randomization; gut microbial genera; inflammatory bowel disease; ulcerative colitis.

Publication types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Colitis, Ulcerative* / genetics
Colitis, Ulcerative* / microbiology
Crohn Disease* / genetics
Crohn Disease* / microbiology
Gastrointestinal Microbiome* / genetics
Genome-Wide Association Study
Humans
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases*
Mendelian Randomization Analysis