Lutidine derivatives for live-cell imaging of the mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum

Org Biomol Chem. 2022 Sep 14;20(35):7047-7055. doi: 10.1039/d2ob00995a.

Abstract

The mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) are highly dynamic subcellular structures essential for several biological functions. The development of non-toxic, wash-free fluorophores to visualize these structures inside cells aid in understanding their localization and dynamics in diverse cellular processes. In this paper, we report the synthesis and characterization of lutidine-based cationic fluorophores bearing push-pull substituents exhibiting emission in green and red wavelength regions and their subcellular localization in living cells. The confocal imaging of the molecules in a cellular domain reveals the robust localization of three molecules (2, 4 and 5) in the mitochondria and two molecules with polyfluorophenyl substituents (6 and 7) in the ER. At the same time, the other two molecules (1 and 3) showed non-specific imaging. These molecules can also be used to sense the altered viscosity of the stressed ER and investigate its dynamics.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Endoplasmic Reticulum* / metabolism
  • Fluorescent Dyes / chemistry
  • Mitochondria* / ultrastructure

Substances

  • Fluorescent Dyes