Integration of Zeolite Membrane Bioreactor With Granular Sludge-Based Anammox in High-Efficiency Nitrogen Removal From Iron Oxide Red Wastewater

Xing-Hui Feng; Xiao-Jun Wang; Hai-Xiang Li; Hai-Ya Zhang; Zong-Qiang Zhu; Yan-Peng Liang; Kun Dong; Hong-Hu Zeng

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2022.932940

Integration of Zeolite Membrane Bioreactor With Granular Sludge-Based Anammox in High-Efficiency Nitrogen Removal From Iron Oxide Red Wastewater

Front Microbiol. 2022 Jun 29:13:932940. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.932940. eCollection 2022.

Authors

Xing-Hui Feng^{1

2}, Xiao-Jun Wang³, Hai-Xiang Li^{1

2}, Hai-Ya Zhang⁴, Zong-Qiang Zhu^{1

2}, Yan-Peng Liang^{1

2}, Kun Dong¹, Hong-Hu Zeng¹

Affiliations

¹ School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, China.
² Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Safety in Karst Area, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, China.
³ School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.
⁴ Institute of Water Ecology and Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing, China.

Abstract

Acquisition of stable nitritation and efficient anammox play a crucial role in partial nitritation (PN) combined with anammox for nitrogen removal from ammonium-rich wastewater. Due to the limitation of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) enrichment and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) control in traditional membrane biological reactor (MBR), it can result in a lower nitrite production rate (NPR) and unstable PN, eventually reducing the nitrogen removal rate (NRR) via PN-anammox. In this study, we developed a zeolite membrane biological reactor (ZMBR) to enhance the PN of iron oxide red wastewater (IORW), in which the biofilm derived from the zeolite surface can provide free ammonia (FA)-containing microenvironment for AOB enrichment and NOB inhibition. The results showed that ZMBR can tolerate a higher influent nitrogen loading rate (NLR) of 2.78 kg/(m³⋅day) in comparison to the traditional MBR [2.02 kg/(m³⋅day)] and the NPR in ZMBR and traditional MBR were 1.39 and 0.96 kg/(m³⋅day), respectively. The mass concentration ratio of ${NO}_{2}^{-}$ -N/ ${NH}_{4}^{+}$ -N ranged from 1.05 to 1.33 in ZMBR, suggesting a suitable condition for nitrogen removal via anammox. Subsequently, the domesticated granular sludge obtained from a paper-making wastewater treatment was used as the carrier of anammox bacteria to remove nitrogen. After 93 days of operation, the NRR was observed to be 2.33 kg/(m³⋅day) and high-throughput sequencing indicated that the relatively higher abundance (45.0%) of Candidatus Kuenenia stuttgartiensis was detected in the granular sludge of the bottom part of the reactor, which can produce more proteins and lipids, suggesting a good settleability. Overall, this study provides a high-efficient method to control PN and domesticate anammox for nitrogen removal from IORW.

Keywords: IORW; PN-anammox; alkalinity; granular sludge; nitrogen removal.