Depression and Insomnia of Front-Line Medical Staff During the COVID-19 Outbreak in China: An On-Line Cross-Sectional Study

Donglin Zhang; Hailong Luo; Litian Xiao; Zhun Zhang; Jianqing Huang; Xiaoqin Li; Hongke Zhu; Cuiwei Lai

doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.897896

Depression and Insomnia of Front-Line Medical Staff During the COVID-19 Outbreak in China: An On-Line Cross-Sectional Study

Front Psychol. 2022 Jun 29:13:897896. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.897896. eCollection 2022.

Authors

Donglin Zhang¹, Hailong Luo², Litian Xiao², Zhun Zhang², Jianqing Huang², Xiaoqin Li², Hongke Zhu³, Cuiwei Lai⁴

Affiliations

¹ Department of Emergency Medicine, Meizhou People's Hospital, Meizhou, China.
² Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Meizhou People's Hospital, Meizhou, China.
³ College of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China.
⁴ Nursing Department, Meizhou People's Hospital, Meizhou, China.

Abstract

Purpose: During the COVID-19 outbreak, medical staff working in high-risk workplaces had a higher rate of epidemic infection. They also faced heavy workloads and pressure, which means they are more likely to suffer from psychological problems than others. To understand the mental health of medical staff during the epidemic, we explore the characteristics of medical staff susceptible to negative psychological emotions during the outbreak of public safety and health events. At the same time, we provide corresponding prevention and intervention measures to help them relieve negative emotions, this study compared the psychological symptoms of front-line and non-front-line medical staff, then explored its influencing factors.

Methods: This research investigated 5,924 medical staff in Guangdong, Beijing, Hubei, Hainan, Jiangxi, and Henan in China. The questionnaires were released online by Questionnaire Star, and levels of depression, anxiety, insomnia, and social support were measured by Patients' Health Questionnaire Depression Scale-9 item (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item Scale (GAD-7), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) and Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS).

Results: The depressive, anxious, and insomniac scores of front-line medical staff during the COVID-19 epidemic period were higher than those of non-front-line with significant differences (P < 0.001). In addition, front-line nurses went through the most serious psychological problems. Age, education, and anxiety level were the influencing factors of depression and insomnia in front-line medical staff. Among them, age was a protective factor for depression (OR = 0.71 <1, P = 0.001 <0.05, Beta = -0.34), while educational level was a risk factor for insomnia (OR = 1.27, P = 0.02 <0.05, Beta = 0.24).

Conclusions: During the epidemic, front-line medical staff would experience more serious psychological problems, especially those who were younger, less experienced, and insufficiently educated. Attention should be paid to giving them psychological assistance and psychological interventions in the future.

Keywords: COVID-19; depression; influencing factors; insomnia; medical staff.