Psychiatric manifestations of autoimmune encephalitis

Hannah Ford; Sarah Griffith; Nicola Warren; Adrew Swayne; Stefan Blum; Helmut Butzkueven; Terence J O'Brien; Dennis Velakoulis; Jayashri Kulkarni; Mastura Monif

doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2022.103145

Psychiatric manifestations of autoimmune encephalitis

Autoimmun Rev. 2022 Sep;21(9):103145. doi: 10.1016/j.autrev.2022.103145. Epub 2022 Jul 15.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Department of Neurology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
² Department of Neurology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.
³ School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Metro South Addiction and Mental Health Service, Brisbane, Australia.
⁴ School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Princess Alexandra Hospital, Department of Neurology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
⁵ Neuropsychiatry, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Vic, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.
⁶ Department of Psychiatry, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Vic, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.
⁷ Department of Neurology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Vic, Australia; Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. Electronic address: Mastura.Monif@monash.edu.

PMID: 35840036
DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2022.103145

Abstract

Autoimmune encephalitis is increasingly recognized as a cause of psychiatric symptoms. A wide spectrum of psychiatric manifestations have been described which may precede, follow or occur independently of neurologic features. Patients typically respond to immunotherapy, however diagnosis is challenging due to phenotypic heterogeneity. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the psychiatric features associated with encephalitis mediated by autoantibodies targeting neuronal cell-surface antigens and describe indicators of potential immunopathology underlying psychiatric manifestations.

Keywords: Autoimmune encephalitis; Clinical manifestations; Disease outcomes; Neuroimmunology; Psychiatry.

Publication types

Review

MeSH terms

Autoantibodies
Encephalitis* / complications
Encephalitis* / diagnosis
Hashimoto Disease* / complications
Hashimoto Disease* / diagnosis
Humans
Mental Disorders*

Substances

Autoantibodies

Supplementary concepts

Hashimoto's encephalitis