Intraoperative bowel perfusion quantification with hyperspectral imaging: a guidance tool for precision colorectal surgery

Abstract

Background: Poor anastomotic perfusion can cause anastomotic leaks (AL). Hyperspectral imaging (HSI), previously validated experimentally, provides accurate, real-time, contrast-free intestinal perfusion quantification. Clinical experience with HSI is limited. In this study, HSI was used to evaluate bowel perfusion intraoperatively.

Methods: Fifty-two patients undergoing elective colorectal surgeries for neoplasia (n = 40) or diverticular disease (n = 12), were enrolled. Intestinal perfusion was assessed with HSI (TIVITA®, Diaspective Vision, Am Salzhaff, Germany). This device generates a perfusion heat map reflecting the tissue oxygen saturation (StO₂) amount. Prior to anastomose creation, the clinical transection line (CTL) was highlighted on the proximal bowel and imaged with HSI. Upon StO₂ heat map evaluation, the hyperspectral transection line (HTL) was identified. In case of CTL/HTL discrepancy > 5 mm, the bowel was always resected at the HTL. HSI outcomes were compared to the clinical ones.

Results: AL occurred in one patient who underwent neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy and ultralow anterior resection for rectal cancer. HSI assessment was feasible in all patients, and StO₂-values were significantly higher at proximal segments than distal ones. Twenty-six patients showed CTL/HTL discrepancy, and these patients had a lower mean StO₂ (54.55 ± 21.30%) than patients without discrepancy (65.10 ± 21.30%, p = 0.000). Patients undergoing neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy showed a lower StO₂ (51.41 ± 23.41%) than non-neoadjuvated patients (60.51 ± 24.98%, p = 0.010).

Conclusion: HSI is useful in detecting intraoperatively marginally perfused segments, for which the clinical appreciation is unreliable. Intestinal vascular supply is lower in patients undergoing neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy, and this novel finding together with the clinical impact of HSI perfusion quantification deserves further investigation in larger trials.

Keywords: Anastomotic leak; Bowel perfusion; Colorectal surgery; Hyperspectral imaging; Image-guided surgery; Optical imaging.