Genetic and Morphological Diversity Assessment of Five Kalanchoe Genotypes by SCoT, ISSR and RAPD-PCR Markers

Jameel M Al-Khayri; Ehab M B Mahdy; Heba S A Taha; Ahmed S Eldomiaty; Mohamed A Abd-Elfattah; Arafat Abdel Hamed Abdel Latef; Adel A Rezk; Wael F Shehata; Mustafa I Almaghasla; Tarek A Shalaby; Muhammad N Sattar; Hesham S Ghazzawy; Mohamed F Awad; Khalid M Alali; Shri Mohan Jain; Abdallah A Hassanin

doi:10.3390/plants11131722

Genetic and Morphological Diversity Assessment of Five Kalanchoe Genotypes by SCoT, ISSR and RAPD-PCR Markers

Plants (Basel). 2022 Jun 29;11(13):1722. doi: 10.3390/plants11131722.

Authors

Jameel M Al-Khayri¹, Ehab M B Mahdy², Heba S A Taha³, Ahmed S Eldomiaty³, Mohamed A Abd-Elfattah⁴, Arafat Abdel Hamed Abdel Latef⁵, Adel A Rezk¹, Wael F Shehata¹, Mustafa I Almaghasla^{6

7}, Tarek A Shalaby^{6

8}, Muhammad N Sattar⁹, Hesham S Ghazzawy¹⁰, Mohamed F Awad¹¹, Khalid M Alali¹, Shri Mohan Jain¹², Abdallah A Hassanin³

Affiliations

¹ Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia.
² National Gene Bank (NGB), Agricultural Research Centre (ARC), Giza 12613, Egypt.
³ Genetics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt.
⁴ Pomology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt.
⁵ Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt.
⁶ Department of Arid Land Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 420, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia.
⁷ Plant Pests, and Diseases Unit, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 420, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia.
⁸ Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt.
⁹ Central Laboratories, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 420, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia.
¹⁰ Date Palm Research Center of Excellence, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia.
¹¹ Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia.
¹² Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.

Abstract

Determining the appropriate parents for breeding programs is the most important decision that plant breeders must make to maximize the genetic variability and produce excellent recombinant genotypes. Several methods are used to identify genotypes with desirable phenotypic features for breeding experiments. In this study, five kalanchoe genotypes were morphologically characterized by assessing plant height, number of inflorescences, number of flowers, flower length, flower diameter and number of petals. The analysis showed the distinction of yellow kalanchoe in the plant height trait, while the orange kalanchoe was distinguished in the number of inflorescences, the number of flowers and flower length traits, whereas the violet kalanchoe possessed the largest flower diameter and the highest number of petals. The molecular profiling was performed by random amplified polymorphism DNA (RAPD), inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSR) and start codon targeted (SCoT)-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tools. Genomic DNA was extracted from young leaves and the PCR reactions were performed using ten primers for each SCoT, ISSR and RAPD marker. Only four out of ten primers showed amplicon profiles in all PCR markers. A total of 70 bands were generated by SCoT, ISSR and RAPD-PCR with 35 polymorphic bands and 35 monomorphic bands. The total number of bands of RAPD, ISSR and SCoT was 15, 17 and 38, respectively. The polymorphism percentages achieved by RAPD, ISSR and SCoT were 60.25%, 15% and 57%, respectively. The cluster analysis based on morphological data revealed two clusters. Cluster I consisted of violet and orange kalanchoe, and cluster II comprised red, yellow and purple kalanchoe. Whereas the cluster analysis based on molecular data revealed three clusters. Cluster I included only yellow kalanchoe, cluster II comprised orange and violet kalanchoe while cluster III comprised red, and purple kalanchoe. The study concluded that orange, violet and yellow kalanchoe are distinguished parents for breeding economically valued traits in kalanchoe. Also, the study concluded that SCoT and RAPD markers reproduced reliable banding patterns to assess the genetic polymorphism among kalanchoe genotypes that consider the basis stone for genetic improvements in ornamental plants.

Keywords: ISSR; RAPD; SCoT; diversity assessment; genetic polymorphism; molecular markers.

Grants and funding

TURSP-2020/111/Taif University