Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are resistant to conventional therapy and present a major clinical challenge since they are responsible for the relapse of many cancers, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Hence, future successful therapy should also eradicate CSCs. Auger electrons have demonstrated promising therapeutic potential and can induce DNA damage while sparing surrounding cells. Here, we sort primary patient-derived NSCLC cells based on their expression of the CSC-marker CD44 and investigate the effects of cisplatin and a thymidine analog (deoxyuridine) labeled with an Auger electron emitter (125I). We show that the CD44+ populations are more resistant to cisplatin than the CD44- populations. Interestingly, incubation with the thymidine analog 5-[125I]iodo-2'-deoxyuridine ([125I]I-UdR) induces equal DNA damage, G2/M cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis in the CD44- and CD44+ populations. Our results suggest that Auger electron emitters can also eradicate resistant lung cancer CD44+ populations.
Keywords: CD44; DNA damage; apoptosis; auger electrons; cancer stem cells; cisplatin; lung cancer.