Regulation of Cellular Ribonucleoprotein Granules: From Assembly to Degradation via Post-translational Modification

Pureum Jeon; Hyun-Ji Ham; Semin Park; Jin-A Lee

doi:10.3390/cells11132063

Regulation of Cellular Ribonucleoprotein Granules: From Assembly to Degradation via Post-translational Modification

Cells. 2022 Jun 29;11(13):2063. doi: 10.3390/cells11132063.

Authors

Pureum Jeon¹, Hyun-Ji Ham¹, Semin Park¹, Jin-A Lee¹

Affiliation

¹ Department of Biotechnology and Biological Sciences, Hannam University, Daejeon 34054, Korea.

Abstract

Cells possess membraneless ribonucleoprotein (RNP) granules, including stress granules, processing bodies, Cajal bodies, or paraspeckles, that play physiological or pathological roles. RNP granules contain RNA and numerous RNA-binding proteins, transiently formed through the liquid-liquid phase separation. The assembly or disassembly of numerous RNP granules is strongly controlled to maintain their homeostasis and perform their cellular functions properly. Normal RNA granules are reversibly assembled, whereas abnormal RNP granules accumulate and associate with various neurodegenerative diseases. This review summarizes current studies on the physiological or pathological roles of post-translational modifications of various cellular RNP granules and discusses the therapeutic methods in curing diseases related to abnormal RNP granules by autophagy.

Keywords: Cajal bodies; P-bodies; RNP granules; autophagy; neurodegenerative disease; paraspeckles; post-translational modification; stress granules.

Publication types

Review
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Cytoplasmic Granules* / metabolism
Cytoplasmic Ribonucleoprotein Granules
Protein Processing, Post-Translational
RNA-Binding Proteins / metabolism
Ribonucleoproteins* / metabolism

Substances

RNA-Binding Proteins
Ribonucleoproteins

Grants and funding

J.-A Lee was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF; NRF-2020R1A2C2005021); the Neurological Disorder Research Program (NRF-2020M3E5D9079908); the Bio and Medical Technology Development Program, funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT (2017M3A9G7073521); and the Science Research Center Program, funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT (2020R1A5A1019023). P Jeon was supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the NRF, funded by the Ministry of Education (2021R1A6A3A13039924).