1 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA.
2 Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute and Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
3 Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Detroit, MI, USA.
4 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.
5 Division of Reproductive Science Research, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Vermont, Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA. ebonney@uvm.edu.