Intra-testicular localization of rhabdomyosarcoma remains exceptional and few cases have been reported in the literature.
Anatomopathological examination is the gold standard for diagnosis and for confirming the intratesticular origin
Radical inguinal orchiectomy followed by chemotherapy is the treatment of choice.
Introduction: RMS is a highly aggressive neoplasm that represents the most common soft tissue sarcoma in children and adolescents. It occurs most frequently in the head, neck, and genitourinary tract. Intra-testicular localization remains exceptional and very few cases have been reported in the literature.
Case presentation: We represent a case of a 16-year-old patient, with no medical and surgical history, who presented with a painless right scrotal mass. Imaging revealed a suspicious testicular mass with no other secondary location. The patient underwent a right inguinal orchidectomy and the anatomopathological study confirmed the diagnosis of intratesticular rhabdomyosarcoma. The patient subsequently was referred to the oncology department for chemotherapy (Agha et al., 2020).
Discussion: Intra-testicular rhabdomyosarcoma is a very rare malignant mesenchymal tumor showing skeletal muscle differentiation. They are subclassified into four major histological subtypes: Embryonal, alveolar, pleomorphic and Spindle cell/sclerosing rhabdomyosarcoma. ERMS is the most common subtype. Diagnosis of ITRMS is based on anatomopathological examination. Surgery and chemotherapy remain the mainstay of treatment. Radiotherapy is useful for local recurrence and metastasis.
Conclusion: In this report we aim to describe the clinical, pathological and immunohistochemical features of this rare entity, and to highlight the importance of an early diagnosis followed by treatment combining Radical inguinal orchiectomy and chemotherapy and its role in improving prognosis.
Keywords: Intra testicular tumor; Pathology; Rhabdomyosarcoma.