Objective: Regarding the efficiency of Bu-Mel-based high-dose-chemotherapy (Bu-Mel-HDCT) and whole lung irradiation (WLI), the objective was to evaluate the efficiency and safety of this salvage sequence in Ewing sarcoma (ES) lung relapses.
Methods: All eligible pediatric ES patients (1991-2020) identified in SFCE departments were retrospectively reviewed. Seven patients were (1) diagnosed with a pulmonary relapse, isolated or not, (2) naïve from both HCDT and WLI (3) treated by the salvage sequence of conventional chemotherapy, Bu-Mel-HDCT and WLI. The main endpoint was OS evaluation. WLI toxicities were scored using CTC-V5.
Results: With a 13 years median follow-up (FU), 5/7 patients are alive and in complete remission. 10y-EFS is 71.4%. Three patients experienced transitory radio-induced pneumopathy (RIP). A patient developed RIP (gr.3) and finally progressive lung fibrosis leading to death.
Conclusion: This study reports seven ES patients treated for lung metastatic relapses, using an aggressive strategy, with favorable survival long-term results which should be balanced with the risk of lung toxicity.
Advances in knowledge: The approach of surgery, Bu-Mel HDCT followed by WLI can be discussed in selected ES patients with lung relapse, naive from HDCT or WLI, providing an optimal chemosensitivity. A special vigilance is necessary regarding the incidence rate of lung toxicity which can be mitigated by limiting the radiotherapy dose, and observing optimal timing of radiotherapy after HDCT.