Consensus on the Objectives of an Educational Intervention for Patients with Oropharyngeal Dysphagia and Their Informal Caregivers: A Delphi Study

Zahya Ghaddar; Nayla Matar; Joyce Noujaim; Anh Nguyet Diep; Aline Tohmé; Benoit Pétré

doi:10.2147/PPA.S364520

Consensus on the Objectives of an Educational Intervention for Patients with Oropharyngeal Dysphagia and Their Informal Caregivers: A Delphi Study

Patient Prefer Adherence. 2022 Jun 23:16:1511-1524. doi: 10.2147/PPA.S364520. eCollection 2022.

Authors

Zahya Ghaddar^{1

2

3}, Nayla Matar^{3

4}, Joyce Noujaim³, Anh Nguyet Diep¹, Aline Tohmé⁵, Benoit Pétré¹

Affiliations

¹ Department of Public Health, University of Liège, Liege, Belgium.
² Doctoral School of Sciences and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
³ Department of Higher Institute of Speech and Language Therapy, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
⁴ Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Center Hotel-Dieu de France, Affiliated to Saint-Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon.
⁵ Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital Center Hotel-Dieu de France, Affiliated to Saint-Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon.

Abstract

Purpose: In the absence of literature allowing for an evidence-based approach to therapeutic patient education (TPE) in Oropharyngeal Dysphagia (OD), this study aims to reach a consensus of experts on the content of a competency framework of an educational program for OD patients and their informal caregivers (ICGs).

Methods: We used the Delphi consensus-building method. Four categories of experts were recruited: 12 patients, 17 ICGs, 46 healthcare professionals (HCP) (experienced in OD, not necessarily certified in TPE), and 19 experts in TPE (trained individuals to set up and run TPE programs not necessarily HCPs). The content of the questionnaire of the first round (R) was established according to the result of a scoping review and the opinion of an expert committee. We carried out three rounds. In R1 and R2, we collected the opinions on the relevance (7-point Likert-type scale) and on comprehensiveness (YES/No question and asking participants to propose additional content). Participants were also invited to leave comments on each objective. In R3, we asked the participants to give their opinion about the relevance of the objectives again and asked them to rank the themes from highest to lowest priority.

Results: Objectives were considered relevant for all participants if they reached consensus when the interquartile (IQR) ≤ 1, and if the median indicated agreement (Mdn ≥ 6) (6= appropriate, 7 = totally appropriate). Following three rounds, the final content of the educational program is composed of 23 educational objectives organized in 13 themes with an agreement about relevance amongst all participants (Mdn ≥ 6; IQR ≤ 1). The comprehensiveness criterion received also a consensus (IQR ≤ 1). The participants ranked the theme "normal swallowing vs difficulty swallowing" as the highest priority.

Conclusion: This Delphi study resulted in a consensus, on the content of a competency framework of an educational program for OD patients and their ICGs. Further steps are needed to construct learning activities based on these objectives before testing their feasibility and efficacy.

Keywords: Delphi method; deglutition disorders; educational program; patient and family education; recommendations; swallowing disorders.