1 Centre for Hydrogenergy, College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, P. R. China. changkun@nuaa.edu.cn.
2 College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China.
Appropriate metal ions can act as transport media for enhancing the water oxidation of a BiVO4 photoanode by balancing the hole transfer and consumption in a reaction.