Objective: To understand the clinical characteristics of hospitalized patients with liver cirrhosis, so as to provide theoretical basis for disease diagnosis and treatment, formulation of intervention measures, and improve the level of disease diagnosis and treatment. Methods: Hospitalized patients who were initially diagnosed with liver cirrhosis at Peking University First Hospital from August 2017 to December 2018 were selected retrospectively as the research objects. Liver cirrhosis demographic data, etiology, severity classification, incidence of complications, diagnosis and prognosis were recorded. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software. Results: Among all liver cirrhosis cases, there were 291 males and 209 females, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.4:1 and an age of 59.5±12.9 years as at August 2017 to December 2018. HBV infection, alcoholic liver disease, and autoimmune liver diseases were the most common etiology of liver cirrhosis. HBV infection alone, HBV infection combined with other factors, alcoholic liver disease alone, alcoholic liver disease combined with other factors, autoimmune liver disease alone, and autoimmune liver disease combined with other factors were presented in 163 (32.6%), 57 (11.4%), 47 (9.4%), 63 (12.6%), 85 (17.0%), and 22 (4.4.0%) cases, respectively. Ascites (221 cases, 44.2%), followed by esophagogastric varices (214 cases, 42.8%), and other including hypersplenism (137 cases), liver cancer (126 cases), upper digestive system tract hemorrhage (66 cases), hepatic encephalopathy (40 cases), infection (37 cases), portal vein thrombosis (23 cases), hepatorenal syndrome (20 cases) were the most common complications. The most common site of infection was the abdominal cavity (20 cases), accounting for 54.1%; followed by respiratory tract infection (8 cases), accounting for 21.6% in patients with liver cirrhosis with concurrent infection. Among them, there were 32 cases of bacterial infection alone, one case of bacterial infection combined with fungal infection, one case of bacterial infection combined with viral infection, and three cases of unknown pathogens. There were 69 cases in Child Pugh grade C, and the average hospitalization times were 12.6 days in terms of prognosis. There were total seven cases of death, of which five cases were due to upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage and two due to hepatic encephalopathy. Conclusion: HBV infection, ascites, and upper gastrointestinal bleeding were the most common etiologies, complications, and causes of death in patients with liver cirrhosis at our hospital.
目的： 了解住院肝硬化患者的临床特点，为疾病诊治和干预措施的制定提供理论依据，以期提高疾病诊治水平。 方法： 回顾性研究，以2017年8月至2018年12月首次确诊为肝硬化并且于北京大学第一医院住院治疗的患者为研究对象，记录其人口统计学资料，肝硬化病因、病情严重程度分级、并发症发生情况、诊治和预后。应用SPSS软件进行统计学分析。 结果： 2017年8月至2018年12月所有肝硬化患者男性291例，女性209例，男女比1.4∶1；年龄（59.5±12.9）岁。最多见的肝硬化病因分别为HBV感染、酒精性肝病和自身免疫性肝病：单纯因HBV感染所致者163例（32.6%），HBV感染合并其他因素所致者57例（11.4%）；单纯因酒精性肝病所致者47例（9.4%），酒精性肝病合并其他因素所致者63例（12.6%）；单纯因自身免疫性肝病所致者85例（17.0%），自身免疫性肝病合并其他因素所致者22例（4.4%）。最多见并发症为腹水（221例，44.2%），其次为食管胃底静脉曲张（214例，42.8%），其余并发症还包括脾功能亢进（137例）、肝癌（126例）、上消化道出血（66例）、肝性脑病（40例）、感染（37例）、门静脉血栓（23例）、肝肾综合征（20例）。在肝硬化并发感染患者中，感染部位以腹腔最多见（20例），占比54.1%；其次为呼吸道感染（8例），占比21.6%；其中单纯细菌感染32例，细菌合并真菌感染1例，细菌合并病毒感染1例，病原体不详3例。Child-Pugh C级69例。预后方面，平均住院天数为12.6 d，共有7例死亡病例，其中5例因上消化道出血，2例因肝性脑病死亡。 结论： 肝硬化患者最常见病因为HBV感染，最常见并发症为腹水，上消化道出血为主要致死原因。.