Simple turn-off fluorescence sensor for determination of raloxifene using gold nanoparticles stabilized by chitosan hydrogel

Yingji Wu; Xin Jin; Elham Ashrafzadeh Afshar; Mohammad Ali Taher; Changlei Xia; Sang-Woo Joo; Tebogo Mashifana; Yasser Vasseghian

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135392

Simple turn-off fluorescence sensor for determination of raloxifene using gold nanoparticles stabilized by chitosan hydrogel

Chemosphere. 2022 Oct:305:135392. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135392. Epub 2022 Jun 23.

Authors

Yingji Wu¹, Xin Jin¹, Elham Ashrafzadeh Afshar², Mohammad Ali Taher³, Changlei Xia⁴, Sang-Woo Joo⁵, Tebogo Mashifana⁶, Yasser Vasseghian⁷

Affiliations

¹ Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, China.
² Department of Chemistry, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran; Young Research Societies, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran.
³ Department of Chemistry, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran.
⁴ Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, China; DeHua TB New Decoration Materials Co., Ltd., Huzhou, Zhejiang, 313200, China. Electronic address: changlei.xia@njfu.edu.cn.
⁵ Department of Chemistry, Soongsil University, Seoul, 06978, South Korea. Electronic address: sjoo@ssu.ac.kr.
⁶ The University of Johannesburg, Department of Chemical Engineering, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, 2088, South Africa.
⁷ Department of Chemistry, Soongsil University, Seoul, 06978, South Korea; The University of Johannesburg, Department of Chemical Engineering, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, 2088, South Africa; Department of Chemical Engineering, Quchan University of Technology, Quchan, Iran. Electronic address: vasseghian@ssu.ac.kr.

PMID: 35753416
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135392

Abstract

It is essential to develop a simple, applicable, and reliable assay to anticancer drug raloxifene (RAF) because of its significant usage and side effect due to entering residue in the environment. Fluorescence sensors developed and widely used because of them high selectivity, fast-response, and highly-sensitivity. The gold nanoparticles using chitosan hydrogel was synthesized and applied as a fluorescence sensor to determine the trace amount of RAF. The characterization methods including DLS, FE-SEM, EDX, XRD, and FT-IR were performed to confirm the synthesized structure. This sensor turned off the fluorescent signals proportional to RAF concentrations at 400 nm. The RAF can be detected in the linear range from 5 × 10^-7 to 5 × 10^-5 M. Limits of detection and quantification were obtained as 34 × 10^-8 and 11 × 10^-7 M as well as the relative standard deviation calculated as 1.63% in RAF measuring. The effective parameters on quenching efficiency were studied by central composite design (CCD) with response surface methodology (RSM). The effective parameters in RAF determination, include analyte concentration, temperature, contact time, and pH, were obtained as 35 μM, 30 °C, 8 min, and pH = 8.5. The sensor was applied to determine the RAF concentrations in biological and environmental samples with satisfactory recoveries between 97.5% and 109%.

Keywords: Anticancer; Fluorescence sensors; Gold nanoparticles; Quencher; Raloxifene.

MeSH terms

Chitosan*
Gold / chemistry
Hydrogels
Metal Nanoparticles* / chemistry
Raloxifene Hydrochloride
Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared

Substances

Hydrogels
Raloxifene Hydrochloride
Gold
Chitosan