A quantitative study of bone defects in displaced femoral neck fractures based on virtual reduction techniques

Xiao-Zhong Zhu; Chun-Xia Han; Zi-Sheng Ai; Wei Wang; Sheng-Hui Wu; Ke-Yang Zhao; Peng Liao; Jiong Mei

doi:10.1016/j.cmpb.2022.106958

A quantitative study of bone defects in displaced femoral neck fractures based on virtual reduction techniques

Comput Methods Programs Biomed. 2022 Jul:222:106958. doi: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2022.106958. Epub 2022 Jun 16.

Authors

Xiao-Zhong Zhu¹, Chun-Xia Han², Zi-Sheng Ai², Wei Wang³, Sheng-Hui Wu¹, Ke-Yang Zhao¹, Peng Liao¹, Jiong Mei⁴

Affiliations

¹ Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China.
² Department of Medical Statistic, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
³ Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
⁴ Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China. Electronic address: meijiong@sjtu.edu.cn.

PMID: 35738093
DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2022.106958

Abstract

Background: Bone defects in femoral neck fractures are strongly associated with the prognosis after internal fixation. However, qualitative analysis of bone defects in femoral neck fractures has already been performed, quantitative studies have not been reported. In this study, we aimed to systematically analyse the morphological characteristics of bone defects in patients with femoral neck fractures using computed tomography (CT) images combined with computer image analysis techniques.

Methods: Four hundred and sixty-nine patients with femoral neck fractures from January 2014 to December 2018 at two grade A tertiary hospitals were included. Models were created in Mimics software based on CT images collected within 1 week after injury and then imported into 3-matic software for virtual reduction. The volume of the bone defect (VBD), maximum defect thickness (MDT), extent of the bone defect region (EBDR) , main defect quadrant (MDQ), collapse type and fracture classification were calculated and recorded.

Results: The EBDR, collapse type and MDT all had a significant positive effect on the VBD (P <0.05), with a more significant effect at higher quantiles. Age also had a significant positive effect on the VBD (P < 0.05), but its effect was more pronounced at lower quantiles. Compared to non-subcapital fractures, subcapital fractures had a positive effect on the VBD only at the 50 and 75% quantiles (P < 0.01). The female sex had a significant negative effect on the VBD compared to the male sex (P < 0.05).

Conclusion: This study established a reliable computer image processing method for quantitative analysis of the VBD in femoral neck fractures and revealed that all patients with femoral neck fractures had bone defects, which can occur at any part of the femoral neck. The EBDR, MDT, collapse type, and patient age and sex were all important risk factors for the extent of the defect and should be taken into account in surgical planning.

Keywords: Bone defects; Femoral neck fractures; Quantitative study; Virtual reduction.

MeSH terms

Female
Femoral Neck Fractures* / diagnostic imaging
Femoral Neck Fractures* / etiology
Femoral Neck Fractures* / surgery
Fracture Fixation, Internal / methods
Humans
Male
Plastic Surgery Procedures*
Retrospective Studies
Risk Factors
Tomography, X-Ray Computed