Cornea is the anterior transparent tissue of the eye. Loss of vision due to corneal disease is one of the leading causes of blindness. Some corneal conditions may be treated by replacing the cornea with a donor implant. The success rates for vision rehabilitation following corneal grafting are rather good generally, depending on the indication and the technique of the transplantation. Corneal transplantation surgery has been around for over 100 years, but in the last two decades there has been significant development in surgical methods, with the possibility of replacing only the damaged layer of the cornea. Along with donor corneal transplantation, various methods of artificial corneal transplantation have been developed. Extensive research continues in order to find artificial solutions for patients who need to undergo corneal transplantation.