Diabetic family history in young Japanese persons with normal glucose tolerance associates with k-means clustering of glucose response to oral glucose load, insulinogenic index and Matsuda index

Norimitsu Murai; Naoko Saito; Sayuri Nii; Yuto Nishikawa; Asami Suzuki; Eriko Kodama; Tatsuya Iida; Kentaro Mikura; Hideyuki Imai; Mai Hashizume; Yasuyoshi Kigawa; Rie Tadokoro; Chiho Sugisawa; Kei Endo; Toru Iizaka; Fumiko Otsuka; Shun Ishibashi; Shoichiro Nagasaka

doi:10.1016/j.metop.2022.100196

Diabetic family history in young Japanese persons with normal glucose tolerance associates with k-means clustering of glucose response to oral glucose load, insulinogenic index and Matsuda index

Metabol Open. 2022 Jun 13:15:100196. doi: 10.1016/j.metop.2022.100196. eCollection 2022 Sep.

Authors

Norimitsu Murai¹, Naoko Saito², Sayuri Nii¹, Yuto Nishikawa¹, Asami Suzuki¹, Eriko Kodama¹, Tatsuya Iida¹, Kentaro Mikura¹, Hideyuki Imai¹, Mai Hashizume¹, Yasuyoshi Kigawa¹, Rie Tadokoro¹, Chiho Sugisawa¹, Kei Endo¹, Toru Iizaka¹, Fumiko Otsuka¹, Shun Ishibashi², Shoichiro Nagasaka^{1

2}

Affiliations

¹ Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, 1-30 Fujigaoka, Aoba-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 227-8501, Japan.
² Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan.

Abstract

Aims: The present study aimed to clarify the relationships between diabetic family history (FH), and dysglycemic response to the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), insulin secretion, and insulin sensitivity in young Japanese persons with normal glucose tolerance (NGT).

Methods: We measured plasma glucose (PG) and immunoreactive insulin levels in 1,309 young Japanese persons (age <40 years) with NGT before and at 30, 60, and 120 min during a 75-g OGTT. Dysglycemia during OGTT was analyzed by k-means clustering analysis. Body mass index (BMI), blood pressure (BP), and lipids were measured. Insulin secretion and sensitivity indices were calculated.

Results: PG levels during OGTT were classified by k-means clustering analysis into three groups with stepwise decreases in glucose tolerance even among individuals with NGT. In these clusters, proportion of males, BMI, BP and frequency of FH were higher, and lipid levels were worse, together with decreasing glucose tolerance. Subjects with a diabetic FH showed increases in PG after glucose loading and decreases in insulinogenic index and Matsuda index.

Conclusions: Dysglycemic response to OGTT by k-means clustering analysis was associated with FH in young Japanese persons with NGT. FH was also associated with post-loading glucose, insulinogenic index, and Matsuda index.

Keywords: Insulinogenic index; K-means clustering; Matsuda index; Normal glucose tolerance; Oral glucose tolerance test.