Objective: To investigate the effect of the liquid resuscitation therapy strategy using intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) and oxygenation index (PaO2/FiO2) as the end point in patients with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP).
Methods: A retrospective study was performed, including 84 patients with SAP in emergency intensive care unit of Qingzhou Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University from January 2018 to August 2021. According to the status of fluid balance at admission, all patients were divided into the positive fluid balance group (43 cases) and the negative fluid balance group (41 cases). The clinical data including gender, age, etiology, underlying disease, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II (APACHE II) and sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) of all patients were collected. Fluid balance, PaO2/FiO2, IAP, compliance rate, new mechanical ventilation rate and overall hospital stay of 1 week after admission were recorded and compared between the two groups.
Results: After 72 hours of treatment, the cumulative fluid balance was (5 219.5±1 038.4) mL in the positive fluid balance group; IAP was higher than that before treatment [mmHg (1 mmHg ≈ 0.133 kPa): 11.9±2.0 vs. 11.7±2.1], but no significant difference was found (P > 0.05); PaO2/FiO2 was significantly higher than that before treatment (mmHg: 299.8±51.4 vs. 220.5±50.4, P < 0.05). After 72 hours of treatment, the cumulative fluid balance in negative fluid balance group was (-3 542.4±1 310.6) mL; IAP was significantly lower than before treatment (mmHg: 11.4±1.8 vs. 15.2±1.9, P < 0.05); PaO2/FiO2 was significantly higher than that before treatment (mmHg: 309.9±50.9 vs. 215.4±49.7, P < 0.05). In the fluid resuscitation goals, after 72 hours of treatment, the compliance rate in the negative fluid balance group was significantly higher than that in the positive fluid balance group [82.93% (34/41) vs. 62.79% (27/43), P < 0.05]; 1 week after admission, the new mechanical ventilation rate in the negative fluid balance group was significantly lower than that in the positive fluid balance group [21.95% (9/41) vs. 41.86% (18/43), P < 0.05]; however, there was no significant difference in overall hospital stay between the two groups (days: 41.2±10.9 vs. 39.1±11.5, P > 0.05). After treatment, 70 patients survived and 14 patients died (including 9 cases in the positive fluid balance group and 5 cases in the negative fluid balance group).
Conclusions: Using IAP and PaO2/FiO2 to guide liquid therapy could result in effective fluid resuscitation in SAP. The treatment strategy effectively improved prognosis of patients with SAP.