Prevalence of Hyperuricemia and the Relationship Between Serum Uric Acid and Hypertension in New Onset Diabetic Patients: A Cross-Sectional Indian Study

Shailendra Kumar Singh; Rina Singh; Santosh Kumar Singh; Mir Asif Iquebal; Sarika Jaiswal; Archana Singh

doi:10.2147/DMSO.S363311

Prevalence of Hyperuricemia and the Relationship Between Serum Uric Acid and Hypertension in New Onset Diabetic Patients: A Cross-Sectional Indian Study

Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes. 2022 Jun 14:15:1809-1817. doi: 10.2147/DMSO.S363311. eCollection 2022.

Authors

Shailendra Kumar Singh^{1

2}, Rina Singh¹, Santosh Kumar Singh³, Mir Asif Iquebal⁴, Sarika Jaiswal⁴, Archana Singh⁵

Affiliations

¹ Department of Endocrine, Endocrine Clinic, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India.
² Visiting Endocrinologist, Opal Hospital, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India.
³ Department of Endocrinology, Endo Centre, Patna, Bihar, India.
⁴ Center for Agricultural Bioinformatics, ICAR-IASRI, New Delhi, India.
⁵ Department of Extension and Communication Management & Home Science, Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Ayodhya, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Abstract

Objective: Prevalence of hyperuricemia (HU) is increasing and it is associated with hypertension, metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus (DM), obesity, chronic kidney disease, gout and cardiovascular disease. Elevated level of serum uric acid (SUA) has been shown to be associated with hypertension and diabetes in many countries but there is lack of evidence from India. The aim of this study is to know the prevalence of HU and to know the relationship between SUA and hypertension in newly onset DM.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional study from a tertiary center. A total of 305 (males: 212; females: 93) newly diagnosed diabetic patients were enrolled. All patients were categorized as normotensive (<140/90) and hypertensive (≥140/90) based on ADA criteria. Based on SUA level participants were grouped into 3 tertile (T1: <4.52; T2: 4.52-5.64; T3: >5.64 mg/dl).

Results: The mean age, systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) of the patients were 46.76 ±0.61 years, 130.6±1.06 mmHg and 84.11±0.63 mmHg, respectively. The mean level of SUA was 5.14±0.073 mg/dl and level was significantly higher in males compared with females (P <0.000). Overall prevalence of HU and hypertension was 12.13% and 44.59%, respectively. There was an increase in the prevalence of hypertension across the SUA tertile. SBP and DBP significantly increased across the SUA tertile (P <0.014 and <0.001, respectively). A multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that SUA tertile was independently associated with presence of hypertension (P <0.01).

Conclusion: This first report on the population of the eastern part of India indicates a significant positive relationship between SUA and hypertension among the newly onset Indian diabetic patients. Therefore, routine measurement of SUA is recommended in newly onset hypertensive diabetic patients to prevent HU and its related complications.

Keywords: blood pressure; hypertension; newly onset diabetes mellitus; prevalence; serum uric acid.