Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and proteinuria associated with Myo1E mutations: novel variants and histological phenotype analysis

Abstract

Background: Pathogenic mutations in the non-muscle single-headed myosin, myosin 1E (Myo1e), are a rare cause of pediatric focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). These mutations are biallelic, to date only reported as homozygous variants in consanguineous families. Myo1e regulates the actin cytoskeleton dynamics and cell adhesion, which are especially important for podocyte functions.

Methods: DNA and RNA sequencing were used to identify novel MYO1E variants associated with FSGS. We studied the effects of these variants on the localization of Myo1e in kidney sections. We then analyzed the clinical and histological observations of all known pathogenic MYO1E variants.

Results: We identified a patient compound heterozygote for two novel variants in MYO1E and a patient homozygous for a deletion of exon 19. Computer modeling predicted these variants to be disruptive. In both patients, Myo1e was mislocalized. As a rule, pathogenic MYO1E variants map to the Myo1e motor and neck domain and are most often associated with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome in children 1-11 years of age, leading to kidney failure in 4-10 years in a subset of patients. The ultrastructural features are the podocyte damage and striking diffuse and global Alport-like glomerular basement membrane (GBM) abnormalities.

Conclusions: We hypothesize that MYO1E mutations lead to disruption of the function of podocyte contractile actin cables resulting in abnormalities of the podocytes and the GBM and dysfunction of the glomerular filtration barrier. The characteristic clinicopathological data can help to tentatively differentiate this condition from other genetic podocytopathies and Alport syndrome until genetic testing is done. A higher resolution version of the Graphical abstract is available as Supplementary information.

Keywords: Actin cables; Alport-like; Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS); Glomerular basement membrane multilayering; MYO1E; Myo1e; Non-muscle myosin.