The Translation and Commercialisation of Biomarkers for Cardiovascular Disease-A Review

Soloman Saleh; Jacob George; Katharine A Kott; Peter J Meikle; Gemma A Figtree

doi:10.3389/fcvm.2022.897106

The Translation and Commercialisation of Biomarkers for Cardiovascular Disease-A Review

Front Cardiovasc Med. 2022 Jun 2:9:897106. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.897106. eCollection 2022.

Authors

Soloman Saleh^{1

2}, Jacob George², Katharine A Kott^{1

3}, Peter J Meikle⁴, Gemma A Figtree^{1

3

5}

Affiliations

¹ Cardiothoracic and Vascular Health, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
² Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
³ Department of Cardiology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Northern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
⁴ Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
⁵ Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.

Abstract

As a leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide, cardiovascular disease and its diagnosis, quantification, and stratification remain significant health issues. Increasingly, patients present with cardiovascular disease in the absence of known risk factors, suggesting the presence of yet unrecognized pathological processes and disease predispositions. Fortunately, a host of emerging cardiovascular biomarkers characterizing and quantifying ischaemic heart disease have shown great promise in both laboratory settings and clinical trials. These have demonstrated improved predictive value additional to widely accepted biomarkers as well as providing insight into molecular phenotypes beneath the broad umbrella of cardiovascular disease that may allow for further personalized treatment regimens. However, the process of translation into clinical practice - particularly navigating the legal and commercial landscape - poses a number of challenges. Practical and legal barriers to the biomarker translational pipeline must be further considered to develop strategies to bring novel biomarkers into the clinical sphere and apply these advances at the patient bedside. Here we review the progress of emerging biomarkers in the cardiovascular space, with particular focus on those relevant to the unmet needs in ischaemic heart disease.

Keywords: biomarker; cardiovascular disease; commercialization; patents; personalized medicine; risk stratification; translational medicine.

Publication types

Review