Agroecological practices increase farmers' well-being in an agricultural growth corridor in Tanzania

Sergio G Milheiras; Susannah M Sallu; Robin Loveridge; Petro Nnyiti; Lilian Mwanga; Elineema Baraka; Margherita Lala; Eleanor Moore; Deo D Shirima; Esther N Kioko; Andrew R Marshall; Marion Pfeifer

doi:10.1007/s13593-022-00789-1

Agroecological practices increase farmers' well-being in an agricultural growth corridor in Tanzania

Agron Sustain Dev. 2022;42(4):56. doi: 10.1007/s13593-022-00789-1. Epub 2022 Jun 16.

Authors

Sergio G Milheiras¹, Susannah M Sallu², Robin Loveridge^{3

4

5}, Petro Nnyiti⁵, Lilian Mwanga⁵, Elineema Baraka⁵, Margherita Lala², Eleanor Moore¹, Deo D Shirima^{5

6}, Esther N Kioko⁷, Andrew R Marshall^{3

5

8

9}, Marion Pfeifer¹

Affiliations

¹ School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Agriculture & Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK.
² School of Earth and Environment, Faculty of Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
³ Department of Environment and Geography, University of York, York, UK.
⁴ The Biodiversity Consultancy, Cambridge, UK.
⁵ Reforest Africa, Mang'ula, Kilombero District, Morogoro, Tanzania.
⁶ Department of Ecosystems and Conservation, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania.
⁷ Invertebrate Zoology Section, Department of Zoology, National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya.
⁸ Tropical Forests and People Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sunshine Coast, Australia.
⁹ Flamingo Land Ltd., Malton, UK.

Abstract

Millions of people rely on nature-rich farming systems for their subsistence and income. The contributions of nature to these systems are varied and key to their sustainability in the long term. Yet, agricultural stakeholders are often unaware or undervalue the relevance of those contributions, which can affect decisions concerning land management. There is limited knowledge on how farming practices and especially those that build more strongly on nature, including agroecological practices, may shape farmers' livelihoods and well-being. We aim to determine the effect that farmer perception of contributions from nature, socioeconomic conditions, and farming practices, have on outcomes related to food security and human well-being. We conducted 467 household surveys in an agricultural growth corridor in rural Tanzania, which is also essential for nature conservation due to its high biodiversity and its strategic location between several protected areas encompassing wetland, forest, and grassland habitats. Results show that implementing more agroecological practices at farm scale has a positive effect on farmer well-being in the study landscape. Results also indicate that higher awareness of benefits from nature, as well as engagement with agricultural extension services, are associated with higher number of agroecological practices applied in the farm. This research confirms the relevance of capacity-building initiatives to scale up the uptake of agroecological practices in the tropics. It also shows, using empirical evidence, that farming practices taking advantage of nature's contributions to people can positively affect food security and human well-being, even when those practices complement conventional ones, such as the use of synthetic inputs. Understanding the impact of agroecological farming on the well-being of smallholder farmers in the tropics paves the way for policy and program development that ensures global food demands are met in a sustainable way without compromising the well-being of some of the world's most vulnerable people.

Keywords: Agroecology; East Africa; Land use management; Nature; People; Socioecological systems; Sustainable agriculture.